विष
See also: वृष
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit वि॒ष (viṣá).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋɪʂ/, [ʋɪʃ]
Noun
विष • (viṣ) m (Urdu spelling وش)
- poison, venom
- मनुष्य के लिए, संखिया प्राण-घातक विष है।
- manuṣya ke lie, saṅkhiyā prāṇ-ghātak viṣ hai.
- For humans, arsenic is a deadly poison.
- छुआछूत हमारा समाज का विष है।
- chuāchūt hamārā samāj kā viṣ hai.
- Untouchability is a poison of our society.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | विष viṣ |
विष viṣ |
| oblique | विष viṣ |
विषों viṣõ |
| vocative | विष viṣ |
विषो viṣo |
Synonyms
- ज़हर (zahar), बिस (bis), गरल (garal)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “विष”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “विष”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit वि॒ष (viṣá).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋiʂ/, [ʋiːʂ]
Noun
विष • (viṣ) n
Declension
| Declension of विष (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
विष viṣ | ||
| direct plural |
विषे, विषं viṣe, viṣa | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
विष viṣ |
विषे, विषं viṣe, viṣa | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
विषा viṣā |
विषां- viṣān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
विषाला viṣālā |
विषांना viṣānnā | |
| ergative | विषाने, विषानं viṣāne, viṣāna |
विषांनी viṣānnī | |
| instrumental | विषाशी viṣāśī |
विषांशी viṣānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
विषात viṣāt |
विषांत viṣāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
विषा viṣā |
विषांनो viṣānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of विष (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
विषाचा viṣāċā |
विषाचे viṣāċe |
विषाची viṣācī |
विषाच्या viṣācā |
विषाचे, विषाचं viṣāċe, viṣāċa |
विषाची viṣācī |
विषाच्या viṣācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
विषांचा viṣānċā |
विषांचे viṣānċe |
विषांची viṣāñcī |
विषांच्या viṣāncā |
विषांचे, विषांचं viṣānċe, viṣānċa |
विषांची viṣāñcī |
विषांच्या viṣāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱিষ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬶᬱ (Balinese script)
- বিষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰰𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀺𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- ဝိၑ (Burmese script)
- વિષ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਿਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌿𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦶꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂱𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ವಿಷ (Kannada script)
- វិឞ (Khmer script)
- ວິຩ (Lao script)
- വിഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡳᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘱𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠢᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧒𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐶𑐲 (Newa script)
- ଵିଷ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢶꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆴𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖰𑖬 (Siddham script)
- විෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩑𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚮 (Takri script)
- விஷ (Tamil script)
- విష (Telugu script)
- วิษ (Thai script)
- ཝི་ཥ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒱𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨁𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wiṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wišás, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison”). Cognate with Latin vīrus, Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬱𐬀 (vīša), Tocharian B wase, Middle Persian 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (ʿ(y)š /wiš/, “poison”), Middle Irish fí.[1]
Traditionally derived from the root विष् (viṣ, “to consume”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋi.ʂɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋi.ʂɐ/
Noun
वि॒ष • (viṣá) stem, n or m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विषम् (viṣám) | विषे (viṣé) | विषाणि (viṣā́ṇi) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
| accusative | विषम् (viṣám) | विषे (viṣé) | विषाणि (viṣā́ṇi) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
| instrumental | विषेण (viṣéṇa) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषैः (viṣáiḥ) विषेभिः¹ (viṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विषाय (viṣā́ya) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विषात् (viṣā́t) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विषस्य (viṣásya) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषाणाम् (viṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | विषे (viṣé) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषेषु (viṣéṣu) |
| vocative | विष (víṣa) | विषे (víṣe) | विषाणि (víṣāṇi) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विषः (viṣáḥ) | विषौ (viṣáu) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
विषाः (viṣā́ḥ) विषासः¹ (viṣā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | विषम् (viṣám) | विषौ (viṣáu) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
विषान् (viṣā́n) |
| instrumental | विषेण (viṣéṇa) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषैः (viṣáiḥ) विषेभिः¹ (viṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विषाय (viṣā́ya) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विषात् (viṣā́t) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विषस्य (viṣásya) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषाणाम् (viṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | विषे (viṣé) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषेषु (viṣéṣu) |
| vocative | विष (víṣa) | विषौ (víṣau) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
विषाः (víṣāḥ) विषासः¹ (víṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Borrowed terms
- → Braj: विख (vikh)
- → Gujarati: વિષ (viṣ)
- → Hindi: विष (viṣ), विख (vikh)
- → Kannada: ವಿಷ (viṣa)
- → Khmer: ពិស (pɨh)
- → Malay: bisa
- > Indonesian: bisa (inherited)
- → Malayalam: വിഷം (viṣaṁ)
- → Marathi: विष (viṣ)
- → Middle Gujarati: विष
- → Old Javanese: wiṣa, biṣa, bisa
- → Marwari: विख (vikh)
- → Tamil: விடம் (viṭam), விஷம் (viṣam), விசம் (vicam)
- → Telugu: విషము (viṣamu)
- → Thai: พิษ (pít)
Adjective
वि॒ष • (viṣá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विषः (viṣáḥ) | विषौ (viṣáu) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
विषाः (viṣā́ḥ) विषासः¹ (viṣā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | विषम् (viṣám) | विषौ (viṣáu) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
विषान् (viṣā́n) |
| instrumental | विषेण (viṣéṇa) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषैः (viṣáiḥ) विषेभिः¹ (viṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विषाय (viṣā́ya) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विषात् (viṣā́t) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विषस्य (viṣásya) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषाणाम् (viṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | विषे (viṣé) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषेषु (viṣéṣu) |
| vocative | विष (víṣa) | विषौ (víṣau) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
विषाः (víṣāḥ) विषासः¹ (víṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विषा (viṣā́) | विषे (viṣé) | विषाः (viṣā́ḥ) |
| accusative | विषाम् (viṣā́m) | विषे (viṣé) | विषाः (viṣā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | विषया (viṣáyā) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषाभिः (viṣā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | विषायै (viṣā́yai) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषाभ्यः (viṣā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विषायाः (viṣā́yāḥ) विषायै² (viṣā́yai²) |
विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषाभ्यः (viṣā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विषायाः (viṣā́yāḥ) विषायै² (viṣā́yai²) |
विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषाणाम् (viṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | विषायाम् (viṣā́yām) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषासु (viṣā́su) |
| vocative | विषे (víṣe) | विषे (víṣe) | विषाः (víṣāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विषम् (viṣám) | विषे (viṣé) | विषाणि (viṣā́ṇi) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
| accusative | विषम् (viṣám) | विषे (viṣé) | विषाणि (viṣā́ṇi) विषा¹ (viṣā́¹) |
| instrumental | विषेण (viṣéṇa) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषैः (viṣáiḥ) विषेभिः¹ (viṣébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विषाय (viṣā́ya) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विषात् (viṣā́t) | विषाभ्याम् (viṣā́bhyām) | विषेभ्यः (viṣébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विषस्य (viṣásya) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषाणाम् (viṣā́ṇām) |
| locative | विषे (viṣé) | विषयोः (viṣáyoḥ) | विषेषु (viṣéṣu) |
| vocative | विष (víṣa) | विषे (víṣe) | विषाणि (víṣāṇi) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
From the root विष् (viṣ).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋí.ʂɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋi.ʂɐ/
Noun
विष • (víṣa) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विषः (víṣaḥ) | विषौ (víṣau) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
विषाः (víṣāḥ) विषासः¹ (víṣāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | विषम् (víṣam) | विषौ (víṣau) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
विषान् (víṣān) |
| instrumental | विषेण (víṣeṇa) | विषाभ्याम् (víṣābhyām) | विषैः (víṣaiḥ) विषेभिः¹ (víṣebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विषाय (víṣāya) | विषाभ्याम् (víṣābhyām) | विषेभ्यः (víṣebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विषात् (víṣāt) | विषाभ्याम् (víṣābhyām) | विषेभ्यः (víṣebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विषस्य (víṣasya) | विषयोः (víṣayoḥ) | विषाणाम् (víṣāṇām) |
| locative | विषे (víṣe) | विषयोः (víṣayoḥ) | विषेषु (víṣeṣu) |
| vocative | विष (víṣa) | विषौ (víṣau) विषा¹ (víṣā¹) |
विषाः (víṣāḥ) विषासः¹ (víṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “viṣá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 563
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “विष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0995/2.