रुज्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- रोज् (roj)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰুজ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬸᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
- রুজ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰲𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀼𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ရုဇ် (Burmese script)
- રુજ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੁਜ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍁𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦸꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂳𑂔𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ರುಜ್ (Kannada script)
- រុជ៑ (Khmer script)
- ຣຸຊ຺ (Lao script)
- രുജ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᡯ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘳𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᠽ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧔𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐸𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
- ରୁଜ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢸꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆶𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖲𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
- රුජ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩣 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚰𑚑𑚶 (Takri script)
- ருஜ் (Tamil script)
- రుజ్ (Telugu script)
- รุชฺ (Thai script)
- རུ་ཛ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒳𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨥𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break off, shatter”) and in some forms from *lewg- (“to bend”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λῠγρός (lŭgrós, “mournful”), Latin lugeō whence English lugubrious; Old English lūcan (“to pluck out, pull up”), whence English louk.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾud͡ʑ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾud͡ʑ/
Root
रुज् • (ruj)
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root रुज् (0 c, 2 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root रुज् (1 c, 0 e)
- Primary Verbal Forms
- रुजति (rujáti) (Present)
- रोक्ष्यति (rokṣyáti) (Future)
- रोक्ता (roktā́) (Periphrastic Future)
- अरोक् (árok) (Aorist)
- अरौक्षीत् (áraukṣīt) (Aorist)
- रुरोज (rurója) (Perfect)
- Secondary Forms
- रुज्यते (rujyáte) (Passive)
- रोजयति (rojáyati) (Causative)
- अरूरुजत् (árūrujat) (Causative Aorist)
- रुरुक्षति (rurukṣati) (Desiderative)
- रोरुज्यते (rorujyate) (Intensive)
- रोरोक्ति (rorokti) (Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- रुग्ण (rugṇá) (Past Participle)
- रुजे (rúje) (Infinitive)
- रुक्त्वा (ruktvā́) (Gerund)
- रुज्य (rújya) (Gerund)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- Prefixed Root Forms
- अवरुज् (avaruj)
- आरुज् (āruj)
- परिरुज् (pariruj)
- प्ररुज् (praruj)
- विरुज् (viruj)
- संरुज् (saṃruj)
Adjective
रुज् • (ruj) stem
- (at the end of a compound) breaking, crushing, shattering
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
| accusative | रुजम् (rujam) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
| instrumental | रुजा (rujā) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भिः (rugbhiḥ) |
| dative | रुजे (ruje) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुजाम् (rujām) |
| locative | रुजि (ruji) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुक्षु (rukṣu) |
| vocative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
| accusative | रुजम् (rujam) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
| instrumental | रुजा (rujā) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भिः (rugbhiḥ) |
| dative | रुजे (ruje) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुजाम् (rujām) |
| locative | रुजि (ruji) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुक्षु (rukṣu) |
| vocative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजी (rujī) | रुञ्जि (ruñji) |
| accusative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजी (rujī) | रुञ्जि (ruñji) |
| instrumental | रुजा (rujā) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भिः (rugbhiḥ) |
| dative | रुजे (ruje) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुजाम् (rujām) |
| locative | रुजि (ruji) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुक्षु (rukṣu) |
| vocative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजी (rujī) | रुञ्जि (ruñji) |
Noun
रुज् • (ruj) stem, f
- pain, illness, disease
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
| accusative | रुजम् (rujam) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
| instrumental | रुजा (rujā) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भिः (rugbhiḥ) |
| dative | रुजे (ruje) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुग्भ्याम् (rugbhyām) | रुग्भ्यः (rugbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | रुजः (rujaḥ) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुजाम् (rujām) |
| locative | रुजि (ruji) | रुजोः (rujoḥ) | रुक्षु (rukṣu) |
| vocative | रुक् (ruk) | रुजौ (rujau) रुजा¹ (rujā¹) |
रुजः (rujaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “रुज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 882, column 3.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “रुज्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 142
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “ruj”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “रुज्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 465
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 371
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 415-6
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “686”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 686