यव
See also: युवा
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- যৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬬᬯ (Balinese script)
- যব (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ယဝ (Burmese script)
- યવ (Gujarati script)
- ਯਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌯𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦪꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂨𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಯವ (Kannada script)
- យវ (Khmer script)
- ຍວ (Lao script)
- യവ (Malayalam script)
- ᠶᠠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘧𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧇𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଯଵ (Odia script)
- ꢫꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖪 (Siddham script)
- යව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩻𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚣𑚦 (Takri script)
- யவ (Tamil script)
- యవ (Telugu script)
- ยว (Thai script)
- ཡ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨪𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas (“barley, cereal”), from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos (“barley, cereal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yauua), Ancient Greek ζειά (zeiá), Old Irish eórna (whence Irish eorna (“barley”)), Lithuanian javai̇̃, Persian جو (jow).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /jɐ́.ʋɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /jɐ.ʋɐ/
Noun
यव • (yáva) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | यवः (yávaḥ) | यवौ (yávau) यवा¹ (yávā¹) |
यवाः (yávāḥ) यवासः¹ (yávāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | यवम् (yávam) | यवौ (yávau) यवा¹ (yávā¹) |
यवान् (yávān) |
| instrumental | यवेन (yávena) | यवाभ्याम् (yávābhyām) | यवैः (yávaiḥ) यवेभिः¹ (yávebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | यवाय (yávāya) | यवाभ्याम् (yávābhyām) | यवेभ्यः (yávebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | यवात् (yávāt) | यवाभ्याम् (yávābhyām) | यवेभ्यः (yávebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | यवस्य (yávasya) | यवयोः (yávayoḥ) | यवानाम् (yávānām) |
| locative | यवे (yáve) | यवयोः (yávayoḥ) | यवेषु (yáveṣu) |
| vocative | यव (yáva) | यवौ (yávau) यवा¹ (yávā¹) |
यवाः (yávāḥ) यवासः¹ (yávāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- यवद्वीप (yavadvīpa, “Java”, literally “island of barley”)
- यवमत् (yávamat, “cultivating grain”)
- यवयु (yavayú, “desiring grain”)
- यवाशिर् (yávāsir, “mixed with grain”)
- यव्य (yavyá)
- यव्या (yavyā́, “a stock of barley”)
Descendants
Terms inherited from यव (yáva)
- Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (žō)
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (žō)
- Grangali: [script needed] (zō)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (yåw)
- Kalami: [script needed] (yō)
- Kalasha: ژو (žō)
- Khowar: [script needed] (žō)
- Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yō)
- Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yō)
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (žā)
- Phalura: [script needed] (yū)
- Savi: [script needed] (yū)
- Shina: यो (yō)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (zo)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (yā)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (zau)
- Torwali: [script needed] (yōu)
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (zō)
- Pali: yava
- Prakrit: 𑀚𑀯 (java)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: යව (yawa)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Helu Prakrit:
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “यव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 847, column 2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 404-5
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 615-6
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “yáva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 603