प्रतिकार
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रतिकार (pratikāra), from प्रति (prati) + कार (kāra).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /pɾə.t̪ɪ.kɑːɾ/, [pɾɐ.t̪ɪ.käːɾ]
Noun
प्रतिकार • (pratikār) m
- (rare) revenge, retaliation, retribution
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | प्रतिकार pratikār |
प्रतिकार pratikār |
| oblique | प्रतिकार pratikār |
प्रतिकारों pratikārõ |
| vocative | प्रतिकार pratikār |
प्रतिकारो pratikāro |
Verb
प्रतिकार • (pratikār)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “प्रतिकार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रतिकार (pratikāra), from प्रति (prati) + कार (kāra).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɾə.t̪i.kaɾ/
Noun
प्रतिकार • (pratikār) m
- resistance
- (formal, often dramatic) revenge, retaliation
Declension
| Declension of प्रतिकार (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
प्रतिकार pratikār | ||
| direct plural |
प्रतिकार pratikār | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
प्रतिकार pratikār |
प्रतिकार pratikār | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
प्रतिकारा pratikārā |
प्रतिकारां- pratikārān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
प्रतिकाराला pratikārālā |
प्रतिकारांना pratikārānnā | |
| ergative | प्रतिकाराने, प्रतिकारानं pratikārāne, pratikārāna |
प्रतिकारांनी pratikārānnī | |
| instrumental | प्रतिकाराशी pratikārāśī |
प्रतिकारांशी pratikārānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
प्रतिकारात pratikārāt |
प्रतिकारांत pratikārāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
प्रतिकारा pratikārā |
प्रतिकारांनो pratikārānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of प्रतिकार (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
प्रतिकाराचा pratikārāċā |
प्रतिकाराचे pratikārāċe |
प्रतिकाराची pratikārācī |
प्रतिकाराच्या pratikārācā |
प्रतिकाराचे, प्रतिकाराचं pratikārāċe, pratikārāċa |
प्रतिकाराची pratikārācī |
प्रतिकाराच्या pratikārācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
प्रतिकारांचा pratikārānċā |
प्रतिकारांचे pratikārānċe |
प्रतिकारांची pratikārāñcī |
प्रतिकारांच्या pratikārāncā |
प्रतिकारांचे, प्रतिकारांचं pratikārānċe, pratikārānċa |
प्रतिकारांची pratikārāñcī |
प्रतिकारांच्या pratikārāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “प्रतिकार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- প্ৰতিকাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬧ᭄ᬭᬢᬶᬓᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- প্রতিকার (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰝𑰰𑰎𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀢𑀺𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ပြတိကာရ (Burmese script)
- પ્રતિકાર (Gujarati script)
- ਪ੍ਰਤਿਕਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌤𑌿𑌕𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦿꦠꦶꦏꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂞𑂱𑂍𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಪ್ರತಿಕಾರ (Kannada script)
- ប្រតិការ (Khmer script)
- ປ຺ຣຕິກາຣ (Lao script)
- പ്രതികാര (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡵᠠᢠᡳᡬᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘝𑘱𑘎𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠷᠠᢐᠢᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑦽𑧒𑦮𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ପ୍ରତିକାର (Odia script)
- ꢦ꣄ꢬꢡꢶꢒꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆠𑆴𑆑𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖝𑖰𑖎𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ප්රතිකාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩫𑩑𑩜𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚙𑚮𑚊𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- ப்ரதிகார (Tamil script)
- ప్రతికార (Telugu script)
- ปฺรติการ (Thai script)
- པྲ་ཏི་ཀཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒞𑒱𑒏𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨙𑨁𑨋𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From प्रति- (prati-, “against; concerning”) + कार (kāra, “action”), literally “an act conducted in respect to, or against someone”.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɾɐ.ti.kɑː.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɾɐ.t̪i.kɑː.ɾɐ/
Noun
प्रतिकार • (pratikāra) stem, m
- requital, compensation
- resistance, opposition, obstruction
- revenge, retaliation, retribution
- help, remedy
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प्रतिकारः (pratikāraḥ) | प्रतिकारौ (pratikārau) प्रतिकारा¹ (pratikārā¹) |
प्रतिकाराः (pratikārāḥ) प्रतिकारासः¹ (pratikārāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | प्रतिकारम् (pratikāram) | प्रतिकारौ (pratikārau) प्रतिकारा¹ (pratikārā¹) |
प्रतिकारान् (pratikārān) |
| instrumental | प्रतिकारेण (pratikāreṇa) | प्रतिकाराभ्याम् (pratikārābhyām) | प्रतिकारैः (pratikāraiḥ) प्रतिकारेभिः¹ (pratikārebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | प्रतिकाराय (pratikārāya) | प्रतिकाराभ्याम् (pratikārābhyām) | प्रतिकारेभ्यः (pratikārebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प्रतिकारात् (pratikārāt) | प्रतिकाराभ्याम् (pratikārābhyām) | प्रतिकारेभ्यः (pratikārebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प्रतिकारस्य (pratikārasya) | प्रतिकारयोः (pratikārayoḥ) | प्रतिकाराणाम् (pratikārāṇām) |
| locative | प्रतिकारे (pratikāre) | प्रतिकारयोः (pratikārayoḥ) | प्रतिकारेषु (pratikāreṣu) |
| vocative | प्रतिकार (pratikāra) | प्रतिकारौ (pratikārau) प्रतिकारा¹ (pratikārā¹) |
प्रतिकाराः (pratikārāḥ) प्रतिकारासः¹ (pratikārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- → Hindi: प्रतिकार (pratikār)
- → Kannada: ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ (pratīkāra)
- → Malayalam: പ്രതികാരം (pratikāraṁ)
- → Marathi: प्रतिकार (pratikār)
- → Telugu: ప్రతీకారము (pratīkāramu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “प्रतिकार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 664, column 1.