न्याय

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit न्याय (nyāya).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /njɑːj/, [njäːj]

Noun

न्याय • (nyāy) m (Urdu spelling نیائے)

justice, law
Synonyms: क़ानून (qānūn), इनसाफ़ (insāf)

न्याय न्यायी होना चाहिए। ― nyāy nyāyī honā cāhie. ― The law should be just.
judgement, decision (as of a court)
rule
Synonym: नियम (niyam)
(philosophy) Nyaya

Declension

Declension of *न्याय* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	न्याय nyāy	न्याय nyāy
oblique	न्याय nyāy	न्यायों nyāyõ
vocative	न्याय nyāy	न्यायो nyāyo

Derived terms

न्यायालय (nyāyālay, “court”)
न्यायिक (nyāyik, “judicial”)
न्यायी (nyāyī, “just”)

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “न्याय”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 583

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit न्याय (nyāya). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘪𑘻 (nyāvo).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /njaj/
Rhymes: -aj

Noun

न्याय • (nyāy) m

justice, redress
न्यायदानाची जबाबदारी न्यायालयीन व्यवस्थेची आहे.
nyāydānācī jabābdārī nyāyālyīn vyavasthecī āhe.
The judicial system is responsible for administering justice.
judgement, decision (as of a court)
Synonym: निकाल (nikāl)
(philosophy) Nyaya

Declension

Declension of न्याय (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	न्याय nyāy
direct plural	न्याय nyāy
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	न्याय nyāy	न्याय nyāy
oblique सामान्यरूप	न्याया nyāyā	न्यायां- nyāyān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	न्यायाला nyāyālā	न्यायांना nyāyānnā
ergative	न्यायाने, न्यायानं nyāyāne, nyāyāna	न्यायांनी nyāyānnī
instrumental	न्यायाशी nyāyāśī	न्यायांशी nyāyānśī
locative सप्तमी	न्यायात nyāyāt	न्यायांत nyāyāt
vocative संबोधन	न्याया nyāyā	न्यायांनो nyāyānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of न्याय (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	न्यायाचा nyāyāċā	न्यायाचे nyāyāċe	न्यायाची nyāyācī	न्यायाच्या nyāyācā	न्यायाचे, न्यायाचं nyāyāċe, nyāyāċa	न्यायाची nyāyācī	न्यायाच्या nyāyācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	न्यायांचा nyāyānċā	न्यायांचे nyāyānċe	न्यायांची nyāyāñcī	न्यायांच्या nyāyāncā	न्यायांचे, न्यायांचं nyāyānċe, nyāyānċa	न्यायांची nyāyāñcī	न्यायांच्या nyāyāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

न्यायतः (nyāytaḥ, “justly”)
न्यायनिष्ट (nyāyniṣṭa, “just”)
न्यायनीति (nyāynīti, “equity”)
न्यायमूर्ती (nyāymūrtī, “judge”)
न्यायाधीश (nyāyādhīś, “judge”)
न्यायालय (nyāyālay, “court”)
न्यायासन (nyāyāsan, “bench”)
न्यायिक (nyāyik, “judicial”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “न्याय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “न्याय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “न्याय”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ন্যায় (Assamese script)
ᬦ᭄ᬬᬵᬬ (Balinese script)
ন্যায় (Bengali script)
𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀬 (Brahmi script)
နျာယ (Burmese script)
ન્યાય (Gujarati script)
ਨ੍ਯਾਯ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌨𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌯 (Grantha script)
ꦤꦾꦴꦪ (Javanese script)
𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂨 (Kaithi script)
ನ್ಯಾಯ (Kannada script)
ន្យាយ (Khmer script)
ນ຺ຍາຍ (Lao script)
ന്യായ (Malayalam script)
ᠨᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘧 (Modi script)
ᠨᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧑𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫 (Newa script)
ନ୍ଯାଯ (Odia script)
ꢥ꣄ꢫꢵꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖧 (Siddham script)
න්‍යාය (Sinhalese script)
𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩻 (Soyombo script)
𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚣 (Takri script)
ந்யாய (Tamil script)
న్యాయ (Telugu script)
นฺยาย (Thai script)
ནྱཱ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Literally means "that into which a thing goes back"; ultimately formed from नि (ni, “back, into”) + इ (i, “to go”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /njɑː.jɐ/, [j̃jɑː.jɐ]
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /n̪jɑː.jɐ/

Noun

न्याय • (nyāyá) stem, m

that into which a thing goes back i.e. an original type, standard, method, rule, (esp.) a general or universal rule, model, axiom, system, plan, manner, right or fit manner or way, fitness, propriety
a lawsuit, legal proceeding, judicial sentence, judgement
a logical or syllogistic argument or inference (consisting of a combination of enthymeme and syllogism, and so having, according to the नैयायिकs 5 members, viz. प्रतिज्ञा, हेतु, उदाहरण, उपनय, निगमन, or according to the वेदान्तिन्s 3 members)
a system of philosophy delivered by गोतम or गौतम (it is one of the six दर्शनस् q.v., and is perhaps so called, because it ‘goes into’ all subjects physical and metaphysical according to the above syllogistic method treated of in one division of the system ; its branch is called वैशेषिक)
likeness, analogy, a popular maxim or apposite illustration (cf. काकाक्षि-, घुणाक्षर-, दण्डापूप. &c.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of न्याय
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	न्यायः (nyāyáḥ)	न्यायौ (nyāyáu) न्याया¹ (nyāyā́¹)	न्यायाः (nyāyā́ḥ) न्यायासः¹ (nyāyā́saḥ¹)
accusative	न्यायम् (nyāyám)	न्यायौ (nyāyáu) न्याया¹ (nyāyā́¹)	न्यायान् (nyāyā́n)
instrumental	न्यायेन (nyāyéna)	न्यायाभ्याम् (nyāyā́bhyām)	न्यायैः (nyāyáiḥ) न्यायेभिः¹ (nyāyébhiḥ¹)
dative	न्यायाय (nyāyā́ya)	न्यायाभ्याम् (nyāyā́bhyām)	न्यायेभ्यः (nyāyébhyaḥ)
ablative	न्यायात् (nyāyā́t)	न्यायाभ्याम् (nyāyā́bhyām)	न्यायेभ्यः (nyāyébhyaḥ)
genitive	न्यायस्य (nyāyásya)	न्याययोः (nyāyáyoḥ)	न्यायानाम् (nyāyā́nām)
locative	न्याये (nyāyé)	न्याययोः (nyāyáyoḥ)	न्यायेषु (nyāyéṣu)
vocative	न्याय (nyā́ya)	न्यायौ (nyā́yau) न्याया¹ (nyā́yā¹)	न्यायाः (nyā́yāḥ) न्यायासः¹ (nyā́yāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: ñāya
Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀬 (ṇāya)
- → Telugu: నాయము (nāyamu)
Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘪𑘻 (nyāvo)
Punjabi: ਨਿਆਂ (niā̃)
→ Bengali: ন্যায় (nêẏ)
→ Hindi: न्याय (nyāy)
→ Kannada: ನ್ಯಾಯ (nyāya)
→ Malayalam: ന്യായം (nyāyaṁ)
→ Marathi: न्याय (nyāy)
→ Tamil: நியாயம் (niyāyam)
→ Telugu: న్యాయము (nyāyamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “न्याय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 572.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “nyāya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press