तीर्थ
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit तीर्थ (tīrtha).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /t̪iːɾt̪ʰ/
Noun
तीर्थ • (tīrth) m (Urdu spelling تیرتھ)
- (Hinduism, Jainism) place of pilgrimage, holy site, tirtha
- तीर्थ-यात्रा करना ― tīrth-yātrā karnā ― to travel to a holy site
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | तीर्थ tīrth |
तीर्थ tīrth |
| oblique | तीर्थ tīrth |
तीर्थों tīrthõ |
| vocative | तीर्थ tīrth |
तीर्थो tīrtho |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “तीर्थ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 455
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তীৰ্থ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬷᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
- তীর্থ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰱𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀻𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
- တီရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
- તીર્થ (Gujarati script)
- ਤੀਰ੍ਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍀𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦷꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂲𑂩𑂹𑂟 (Kaithi script)
- ತೀರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
- តីថ៌ (Khmer script)
- ຕີຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
- തീര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᡳᡳᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠢᠢᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧓𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐷𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
- ତୀର୍ଥ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢷꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆵𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖱𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
- තීර්ථ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩑𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩬 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚯𑚤𑚶𑚚 (Takri script)
- தீர்த² (Tamil script)
- తీర్థ (Telugu script)
- ตีรฺถ (Thai script)
- ཏཱི་རྠ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒲𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨁𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Htʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-th₂ó-, from *terh₂- (“to cross over”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tiːɾ.tʰɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪iːɾ.t̪ʰɐ/
Noun
तीर्थ • (tīrthá) stem, n
- a passage, way or road; that which affords transit:
- a ford; a crossing at a river.
- stairs for descent into a river,
- a channel or canal; an artificial watercourse.
- (Vedic religion) the path to the altar between the चात्वाल (cātvāla, “sacrificial pit”) and उत्कर (utkara, “pile of refuse”).
- something sacred or revered; a holy thing or place:
- (Hinduism) Lines or parts of the hand considered to be sacred.
- (Hinduism, Jainism) a place of pilgrimage (especially at a sacred body of water)
- Narmadāṣṭaka 2:
- त्वदम्बुलीनदीनमीनदिव्यसंप्रदायकं
कलौ मलौघभारहारि सर्वतीर्थनायकम् ।
सुमच्छकच्छनक्रचक्रचक्रवाकशर्मदे
त्वदीयपादपङ्कजं नमामि देवि नर्मदे ॥- tvadambulīnadīnamīnadivyasaṃpradāyakaṃ
kalau malaughabhārahāri sarvatīrthanāyakam.
sumacchakacchanakracakracakravākaśarmade
tvadīyapādapaṅkajaṃ namāmi devi narmade. - O Devī Narmadā, who give protection to fishes, turtles, crocodiles and ruddy shelducks, I bow to your lotus-feet,
the foremost of all holy sites, the ridder of great sins in the Kali Age, the giver of divine refuge to the lowly fish in your waters.
- tvadambulīnadīnamīnadivyasaṃpradāyakaṃ
- त्वदम्बुलीनदीनमीनदिव्यसंप्रदायकं
- someone sacred or revered; a holy or wise person:
- the right place, time, or means
- advice, instruction; that which gives direction
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तीर्थम् (tīrthám) | तीर्थे (tīrthé) | तीर्थानि (tīrthā́ni) तीर्था¹ (tīrthā́¹) |
| accusative | तीर्थम् (tīrthám) | तीर्थे (tīrthé) | तीर्थानि (tīrthā́ni) तीर्था¹ (tīrthā́¹) |
| instrumental | तीर्थेन (tīrthéna) | तीर्थाभ्याम् (tīrthā́bhyām) | तीर्थैः (tīrtháiḥ) तीर्थेभिः¹ (tīrthébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तीर्थाय (tīrthā́ya) | तीर्थाभ्याम् (tīrthā́bhyām) | तीर्थेभ्यः (tīrthébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तीर्थात् (tīrthā́t) | तीर्थाभ्याम् (tīrthā́bhyām) | तीर्थेभ्यः (tīrthébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तीर्थस्य (tīrthásya) | तीर्थयोः (tīrtháyoḥ) | तीर्थानाम् (tīrthā́nām) |
| locative | तीर्थे (tīrthé) | तीर्थयोः (tīrtháyoḥ) | तीर्थेषु (tīrthéṣu) |
| vocative | तीर्थ (tī́rtha) | तीर्थे (tī́rthe) | तीर्थानि (tī́rthāni) तीर्था¹ (tī́rthā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- तीर्थक (tīrthaka)
- तीर्थचर्या (tīrthacaryā)
- तीर्थिक (tīrthika)
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣 (tittha), 𑀢𑀽𑀳 (tūha)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: ތޮށް (toṣ̊)
- Sinhalese: තොට (toṭa)
- Pali: tittha
- → Sinhalese: තිත් (tit)
- Khowar: طورت (thūrt)
- → Wakhi: tыrt
- → Old Javanese: tīrtha
- → English: tirtha
- → Hindi: तीर्थ (tīrth)
- → Sinhalese: තීර්ථය (tīrthaya)
- → Tamil: தீர்த்தம் (tīrttam)
- → Tocharian B: tīrthe
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “tīrthá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 650
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “तीर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “तीर्थ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 776
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “tīrtha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tīrthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 333