जाति
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑː.t̪iː/, [d͡ʒäː.t̪iː]
Noun
जाति • (jāti) f (Urdu spelling جاتی)
- birth
- caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
- high caste
- race
- (taxonomy) species
- tribe, nationality, lineage
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | जाति jāti |
जातियाँ jātiyā̃ |
| oblique | जाति jāti |
जातियों jātiyõ |
| vocative | जाति jāti |
जातियो jātiyo |
Derived terms
- जातिगत (jātigat)
- जातिवाद (jātivād)
- जाति ना पूछो साधु की; पूछ लीजिए ज्ञान (jāti nā pūcho sādhu kī; pūch lījie jñān)
Related terms
taxonomic ranksedit
Nepali
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d͡zät̪i]
- Phonetic Devanagari: जाति
Noun
जाति • (jāti)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
जाति f
- Devanagari script form of jāti
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- জাতি (Assamese script)
- ᬚᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- জাতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဇာတိ (Burmese script)
- જાતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਜਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦗꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಜಾತಿ (Kannada script)
- ជាតិ (Khmer script)
- ຊາຕິ (Lao script)
- ജാതി (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଜାତି (Odia script)
- ꢙꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ජාති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- ஜாதி (Tamil script)
- జాతి (Telugu script)
- ชาติ (Thai script)
- ཛཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁-ti-s ~ *ǵn̥h₁-téy-s (“birth, production; kind”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz (whence English kind). By surface analysis, from the root जन् (jan) + -ति (-ti).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɑː.tí/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɑː.t̪i/
Noun
जा॒ति • (jātí) stem, f
- birth, production
- rebirth
- the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
- position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
- kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class
- the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)
- the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
- reduction of fractions to a common denominator
- a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
- a particular figure of speech
- a class of metres
- a manner of singing
- fireplace
- mace, nutmeg
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | जातिः (jātíḥ) | जाती (jātī́) | जातयः (jātáyaḥ) |
| accusative | जातिम् (jātím) | जाती (jātī́) | जातीः (jātī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | जात्या (jātyā́) जाती¹ (jātī́¹) |
जातिभ्याम् (jātíbhyām) | जातिभिः (jātíbhiḥ) |
| dative | जातये (jātáye) जात्यै² (jātyái²) जाती¹ (jātī́¹) |
जातिभ्याम् (jātíbhyām) | जातिभ्यः (jātíbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | जातेः (jātéḥ) जात्याः² (jātyā́ḥ²) जात्यै³ (jātyái³) |
जातिभ्याम् (jātíbhyām) | जातिभ्यः (jātíbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | जातेः (jātéḥ) जात्याः² (jātyā́ḥ²) जात्यै³ (jātyái³) |
जात्योः (jātyóḥ) | जातीनाम् (jātīnā́m) |
| locative | जातौ (jātáu) जात्याम्² (jātyā́m²) जाता¹ (jātā́¹) |
जात्योः (jātyóḥ) | जातिषु (jātíṣu) |
| vocative | जाते (jā́te) | जाती (jā́tī) | जातयः (jā́tayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Borrowed terms
- Borrowed terms
- → English: jati
- → Gujarati: જાત (jāt), જાતિ (jāti)
- → Hindi: जाति (jāti)
- → Khmer: ជាតិ (ciət)
- → Lao: ຊາດ (sāt)
- → Malay: jadi, jati
- → Cebuano: yati
- → Tagalog: yari
- → Nepali: जाति (jāti)
- → Old Javanese: jāti, jati (see there for further descendants)
- → Tamil: சாதி (cāti), ஜாதி (jāti)
- → Telugu: జాతి (jāti)
- → Thai: ญาติ (yâat), ชาติ (châat)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “jātá-, (°)jāti-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 583
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “जाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 418/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jāti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 285
- Milena Hübschmannová (February 2002), “Jati (Caste)”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database[2], Prague, archived from the original on 19 August 2021