गृह
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृह (gṛha). Doublet of घर (ghar).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɡɾiːɦ/, [ɡɾiːʱ], /ɡɾɪ.ɦᵊ/
Noun
गृह • (gŕh) m (Urdu spelling گرہ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | गृह gŕh |
गृह gŕh |
| oblique | गृह gŕh |
गृहों gŕhõ |
| vocative | गृह gŕh |
गृहो gŕho |
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “गृह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 160.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “गृह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 274
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গৃহ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬺᬳ (Balinese script)
- গৃহ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰴𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀾𑀳 (Brahmi script)
- ဂၖဟ (Burmese script)
- ગૃહ (Gujarati script)
- ਗ੍ਰਹ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍃𑌹 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦽꦲ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑃂𑂯 (Kaithi script)
- ಗೃಹ (Kannada script)
- គ្ឫហ (Khmer script)
- ຄ຺ຣິຫ (Lao script)
- ഗൃഹ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡵᡳᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘵𑘮 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠷᠢᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧖𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐺𑐴 (Newa script)
- ଗୃହ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢺꢲ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆸𑆲 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖴𑖮 (Siddham script)
- ගෘහ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩙𑪂 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚩 (Takri script)
- க்³ரிஹ (Tamil script)
- గృహ (Telugu script)
- คฺฤห (Thai script)
- གྲྀ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒵𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “city”), English yard.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡr̩.ɦɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡr̩.ɦɐ/
Noun
गृह • (gṛhá) stem, m or n
- a house, habitation, home, dwelling
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.49.1:
- उषो॑ भ॒द्रेभि॒रा ग॑हि दि॒वश्चि॑द्रोच॒नादधि॑ ।
वह॑न्त्वरु॒णप्स॑व॒ उप॑ त्वा सो॒मिनो॑ गृ॒हम् ॥- úṣo bhadrébhirā́ gahi diváścidrocanā́dádhi.
váhantvaruṇápsava úpa tvā somíno gṛhám. - Uṣas, come by auspicious way from the bright firmament; let the purple kine bring you to the dwelling of the offer of Soma.
- úṣo bhadrébhirā́ gahi diváścidrocanā́dádhi.
- उषो॑ भ॒द्रेभि॒रा ग॑हि दि॒वश्चि॑द्रोच॒नादधि॑ ।
- assistant, servant
- the inhabitants of a house, family
- (at the end of a compound, with names of gods) a temple
- चण्डिकागृह ― caṇḍikāgṛha ― a temple of Durgā
- देवतागृह ― devatāgṛha ― temple, chapel
- (at the end of a compound, with name of plants) a bower
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गृहः (gṛháḥ) | गृहौ (gṛháu) गृहा¹ (gṛhā́¹) |
गृहाः (gṛhā́ḥ) गृहासः¹ (gṛhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | गृहम् (gṛhám) | गृहौ (gṛháu) गृहा¹ (gṛhā́¹) |
गृहान् (gṛhā́n) |
| instrumental | गृहेण (gṛhéṇa) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहैः (gṛháiḥ) गृहेभिः¹ (gṛhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गृहाय (gṛhā́ya) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहेभ्यः (gṛhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गृहात् (gṛhā́t) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहेभ्यः (gṛhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गृहस्य (gṛhásya) | गृहयोः (gṛháyoḥ) | गृहाणाम् (gṛhā́ṇām) |
| locative | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहयोः (gṛháyoḥ) | गृहेषु (gṛhéṣu) |
| vocative | गृह (gṛ́ha) | गृहौ (gṛ́hau) गृहा¹ (gṛ́hā¹) |
गृहाः (gṛ́hāḥ) गृहासः¹ (gṛ́hāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- In later Sanskrit only the plural forms of the masculine were used.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गृहम् (gṛhám) | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहाणि (gṛhā́ṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā́¹) |
| accusative | गृहम् (gṛhám) | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहाणि (gṛhā́ṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā́¹) |
| instrumental | गृहेण (gṛhéṇa) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहैः (gṛháiḥ) गृहेभिः¹ (gṛhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गृहाय (gṛhā́ya) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहेभ्यः (gṛhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गृहात् (gṛhā́t) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहेभ्यः (gṛhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गृहस्य (gṛhásya) | गृहयोः (gṛháyoḥ) | गृहाणाम् (gṛhā́ṇām) |
| locative | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहयोः (gṛháyoḥ) | गृहेषु (gṛhéṣu) |
| vocative | गृह (gṛ́ha) | गृहे (gṛ́he) | गृहाणि (gṛ́hāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛ́hā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- Used only in the sense "house".
Noun
गृह • (gṛhá) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गृहम् (gṛhám) | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहाणि (gṛhā́ṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā́¹) |
| accusative | गृहम् (gṛhám) | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहाणि (gṛhā́ṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛhā́¹) |
| instrumental | गृहेण (gṛhéṇa) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहैः (gṛháiḥ) गृहेभिः¹ (gṛhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गृहाय (gṛhā́ya) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहेभ्यः (gṛhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गृहात् (gṛhā́t) | गृहाभ्याम् (gṛhā́bhyām) | गृहेभ्यः (gṛhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गृहस्य (gṛhásya) | गृहयोः (gṛháyoḥ) | गृहाणाम् (gṛhā́ṇām) |
| locative | गृहे (gṛhé) | गृहयोः (gṛháyoḥ) | गृहेषु (gṛhéṣu) |
| vocative | गृह (gṛ́ha) | गृहे (gṛ́he) | गृहाणि (gṛ́hāṇi) गृहा¹ (gṛ́hā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- गेह (geha)
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)
- Dardic:
- Pali: gaha, ghara
- → Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)
- → Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- Hindi: गृह (gŕh)
- → Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)
- → Malay: gerha (learned)
- Indonesian: gerha
- → Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ), കിരിയം (kiriyaṁ) (learned)
- → Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)
- → Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)
- → Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)
- → Old Khmer: graha (learned)
- Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)
- → Odia: ଗୃହ (gruha) (learned)
- → Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)
- → Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)
- → Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “गृह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0361/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 495