आयु
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आयु (āyu).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɑː.juː/, [äː.juː]
Noun
आयु • (āyu) f (Urdu spelling آیو)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | आयु āyu |
आयुएँ āyuẽ |
| oblique | आयु āyu |
आयुओं āyuõ |
| vocative | आयु āyu |
आयुओ āyuo |
Synonyms
- उम्र (umra)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989), “आयु”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “आयु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- আয়ু (Assamese script)
- ᬆᬬᬸ (Balinese script)
- আয়ু (Bengali script)
- 𑰁𑰧𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀆𑀬𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- အာယု (Burmese script)
- આયુ (Gujarati script)
- ਆਯੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌆𑌯𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦴꦪꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂄𑂨𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಆಯು (Kannada script)
- អាយុ (Khmer script)
- ອາຍຸ (Lao script)
- ആയു (Malayalam script)
- ᠠ᠊ᠠᠶᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘁𑘧𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦡𑧇𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐁𑐫𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଆଯୁ (Odia script)
- ꢃꢫꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆄𑆪𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖁𑖧𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ආයු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩛𑩻𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚁𑚣𑚰 (Takri script)
- ஆயு (Tamil script)
- ఆయు (Telugu script)
- อายุ (Thai script)
- ཨཱ་ཡུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒂𑒨𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨊𑨪𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“long time, lifetime”).[1] Cognate with Latin aevum (whence English age), Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn) (whence English eon), Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 (āiiū, “lifetime, life”), Old English ā. The meaning "moveable" probably influenced by the root इ (i, “to go”). See also आयुस् (ā́yus).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑ́ː.ju/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑː.ju/
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑː.jú/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑː.ju/
Noun
आयु • (ā́yu) stem, m
- man, a living being
- mankind, human race
- son, descendant, offspring
- family, lineage
- a divine personification presiding over life
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयुः (ā́yuḥ) | आयू (ā́yū) | आयवः (ā́yavaḥ) |
| accusative | आयुम् (ā́yum) | आयू (ā́yū) | आयून् (ā́yūn) |
| instrumental | आयुना (ā́yunā) आय्वा¹ (ā́yvā¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयुभिः (ā́yubhiḥ) |
| dative | आयवे (ā́yave) आय्वे¹ (ā́yve¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयुभ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयोः (ā́yoḥ) आय्वः¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयुभ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयोः (ā́yoḥ) आय्वः¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आय्वोः (ā́yvoḥ) | आयूनाम् (ā́yūnām) |
| locative | आयौ (ā́yau) | आय्वोः (ā́yvoḥ) | आयुषु (ā́yuṣu) |
| vocative | आयो (ā́yo) | आयू (ā́yū) | आयवः (ā́yavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
आयु • (ā́yu) stem, n
- duration of life, lifetime, long life
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.3.7:
- अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः।
वयांसि जिन्व बृहतश्च जागृव उशिग्देवानामसि सुक्रतुर्विपाम्॥- agne jarasva svapatya āyunyūrjā pinvasva samiṣo didīhi naḥ.
vayāṃsi jinva bṛhataśca jāgṛva uśigdevānāmasi sukraturvipām. - Sing, Agni, for long life to us and noble sons: teem thou with plenty, shine upon us store of food.
Increase the great man's strength, thou ever-vigilant: thou, longing for the Gods, knowest their hymns full well.
- agne jarasva svapatya āyunyūrjā pinvasva samiṣo didīhi naḥ.
- अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयु (ā́yu) | आयुनी (ā́yunī) | आयूनि (ā́yūni) आयु¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू¹ (ā́yū¹) |
| accusative | आयु (ā́yu) | आयुनी (ā́yunī) | आयूनि (ā́yūni) आयु¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू¹ (ā́yū¹) |
| instrumental | आयुना (ā́yunā) आय्वा¹ (ā́yvā¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयुभिः (ā́yubhiḥ) |
| dative | आयुने (ā́yune) आयवे¹ (ā́yave¹) आय्वे¹ (ā́yve¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयुभ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयुनः (ā́yunaḥ) आयोः¹ (ā́yoḥ¹) आय्वः¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (ā́yubhyām) | आयुभ्यः (ā́yubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयुनः (ā́yunaḥ) आयोः¹ (ā́yoḥ¹) आय्वः¹ (ā́yvaḥ¹) |
आयुनोः (ā́yunoḥ) आय्वोः¹ (ā́yvoḥ¹) |
आयूनाम् (ā́yūnām) |
| locative | आयुनि (ā́yuni) आयौ¹ (ā́yau¹) |
आयुनोः (ā́yunoḥ) आय्वोः¹ (ā́yvoḥ¹) |
आयुषु (ā́yuṣu) |
| vocative | आयु (ā́yu) आयो (ā́yo) |
आयुनी (ā́yunī) | आयूनि (ā́yūni) आयु¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू¹ (ā́yū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Assamese: আয়ু (ayu)
- Bengali: আয়ু (aẏu)
- Maithili: आयु (āyʉ)
- Marathi: आयु (āyu)
- Pali: āyu
- → Telugu: ఆయువు (āyuvu)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀉 (āu)
- Old Hindi: आउ (āu)
- → Tamil: ஆயுள் (āyuḷ)
- Nepali: आयु (āyu)
Adjective
आयु • (āyú) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयुः (āyúḥ) | आयू (āyū́) | आयवः (āyávaḥ) |
| accusative | आयुम् (āyúm) | आयू (āyū́) | आयून् (āyū́n) |
| instrumental | आयुना (āyúnā) आय्वा¹ (āyvā́¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभिः (āyúbhiḥ) |
| dative | आयवे (āyáve) आय्वे¹ (āyvé¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभ्यः (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयोः (āyóḥ) आय्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभ्यः (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयोः (āyóḥ) आय्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आय्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आयूनाम् (āyūnā́m) |
| locative | आयौ (āyáu) | आय्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आयुषु (āyúṣu) |
| vocative | आयो (ā́yo) | आयू (ā́yū) | आयवः (ā́yavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयुः (āyúḥ) | आयू (āyū́) | आयवः (āyávaḥ) |
| accusative | आयुम् (āyúm) | आयू (āyū́) | आयूः (āyū́ḥ) |
| instrumental | आय्वा (āyvā́) | आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभिः (āyúbhiḥ) |
| dative | आयवे (āyáve) आय्वै¹ (āyvái¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभ्यः (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयोः (āyóḥ) आय्वाः¹ (āyvā́ḥ¹) आय्वै² (āyvái²) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभ्यः (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयोः (āyóḥ) आय्वाः¹ (āyvā́ḥ¹) आय्वै² (āyvái²) |
आय्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आयूनाम् (āyūnā́m) |
| locative | आयौ (āyáu) आय्वाम्¹ (āyvā́m¹) |
आय्वोः (āyvóḥ) | आयुषु (āyúṣu) |
| vocative | आयो (ā́yo) | आयू (ā́yū) | आयवः (ā́yavaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आयु (āyú) | आयुनी (āyúnī) | आयूनि (āyū́ni) आयु¹ (āyú¹) आयू¹ (āyū́¹) |
| accusative | आयु (āyú) | आयुनी (āyúnī) | आयूनि (āyū́ni) आयु¹ (āyú¹) आयू¹ (āyū́¹) |
| instrumental | आयुना (āyúnā) आय्वा¹ (āyvā́¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभिः (āyúbhiḥ) |
| dative | आयुने (āyúne) आयवे (āyáve) आय्वे¹ (āyvé¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभ्यः (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आयुनः (āyúnaḥ) आयोः (āyóḥ) आय्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आयुभ्याम् (āyúbhyām) | आयुभ्यः (āyúbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आयुनः (āyúnaḥ) आयोः (āyóḥ) आय्वः¹ (āyváḥ¹) |
आयुनोः (āyúnoḥ) आय्वोः (āyvóḥ) |
आयूनाम् (āyūnā́m) |
| locative | आयुनि (āyúni) आयौ (āyáu) |
आयुनोः (āyúnoḥ) आय्वोः (āyvóḥ) |
आयुषु (āyúṣu) |
| vocative | आयु (ā́yu) आयो (ā́yo) |
आयुनी (ā́yunī) | आयूनि (ā́yūni) आयु¹ (ā́yu¹) आयू¹ (ā́yū¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ā́yuṣ- (> line 1 > ā́yu-)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “आयु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 148, column 3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “आयु”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan