گوهر

See also: گوہر

Persian

Alternative forms

گهر (guhar / gohar)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian gwhl (/⁠gōhr, gōhar⁠/, “substance, essence; jewel”). See there for more.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡaw.ˈhar/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäw.háɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡä.wáɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡä.wáɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ow.hǽɹ]
- (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥oː.ɦǽɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäw.háɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gawhar
Dari reading^?	gawhar
Iranian reading^?	gowhar
Tajik reading^?	gavhar

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun

گوهر • (gawhar / gowhar) (plural گوهرها (gawhar-hā / gowhar-hâ), Tajik spelling гавҳар)

jewel, gem
Synonym: جواهر (jawāhir / javâher)
pearl
Synonym: مروارید (murwārīd / morvârid)
essence
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3529:
  هل مرا تا پرده‌‌ها را بر درم
  تا چو خورشیدی بتابد گوهرم
  hil marā tā parda-hā rā bar daram
  tā čō xwarshēd bitābad gawhar-am
  Let me be, that I may rend the curtains asunder,
  that my (spiritual) substance may shine forth like a sun

Derived terms

گوهران (gawharān / gowharân)
گوهرخانه (gawharxāna / gowharxâne)
گوهرستان (gawharistān / gowharestân)
گوهرشناس (gawharšinās / gowharšenâs)
گوهرشناس (gawharšinās / gowharšenâs, “lapidary”)
گوهرفروش (gawharfurūš / gowharforuš, “jeweler”)
گوهرفروشی (gawharfurūšī / gowharforuši)
گوهری (gawharī / gowhari)

Descendants

→ Arabic: جَوْهَر (jawhar) (see there for further descendants)
→ Azerbaijani: gövhər
→ Bashkir: гәүһәр (gəwhər)
→ Chagatai: گوهر (gwhr)
- Uyghur: گۆھەر (göher)
- Uzbek: gavhar
→ Classical Mandaic: ࡂࡀࡅࡄࡀࡓ (gauhar)
→ Georgian: გოარი (goari)
→ Gujarati: ગૌહર (gauhar)
→ Hindustani:
Urdu: گَوہَر (gauhar)
→ Kazakh: гауһар (gauhar)
→ Middle Mongol: ᠭᠥ‍ᠭᠠ‍ᠷ (gö‍ɣa‍r)
→ Ottoman Turkish: گوهر (gevher)
- Turkish: gevher
→ Punjabi:
Shahmukhi script: گَوہَر (gauhar)
→ Sindhi: گوهَرُ
→ Turkmen: göwher

Proper noun

گوهر • (gawhar / gowhar) (Tajik spelling Гавҳар)

a female given name, Gohar or Gowhar, from Middle Persian

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: Gövhər
→ Bashkir: Гәүһәр (Gəwhər)

Further reading

Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864), “گوهر”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 1057a–1059b