کول
Central Kurdish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʊl/
Adjective
کول (kul)
Derived terms
- کولی (kulî)
Chagatai
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰠 (köl), Azerbaijani göl, Bashkir күл (kül), Chuvash кӳлӗ (külĕ), Kazakh көл (köl), Kyrgyz көл (köl), Tatar күл (kül), Turkmen kȫl, Uyghur كۆل (köl), Uzbek koʻl and Yakut күөл (küöl).
Noun
کول • (köl) (plural کوللار)
Mazanderani
Etymology 1
Compare Central Kurdish کول (kul).
Noun
کول (kul)
Etymology 2
Compare Persian کوه, Arabic قلة.
Noun
کول (kul)
Derived terms
- کولاب (kulāb, “wave”)
Etymology 3
present stem of Mazanderani کول بموئن (kul bemu'en, “to ferment, to boil”)
Noun
کول (kul)
Pashto
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥náwti.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.ˈwəl/
- (Dialectal) IPA(key): /koːl/
Verb
کول • (kawә́l) (present imperfect stem کو (kaw), present perfect stem کړ (k(ṙ)), past perfect stem کړ (kṙ))
Usage notes
The ړ is not always pronounced in present perfective forms in colloquial speech, but in some dialects and formal speaking it is always pronounced.
Conjugation
| singular | plural | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person m | 3rd person f | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person m | 3rd person f | |||
| زۀ | تۀ | دی / هغه | دا / هغه | موږ | تاسې | دوی / هغوی | ||||
| present imperfective |
کوم (kawә́m) |
کوې (kawe) |
کوي (kawí) |
کوو (kawú) |
کوﺉ (kawә́i) |
کوي (kawí) | ||||
| present perfective |
کړم (kəm) |
کړې (ke) |
کړي (ki) |
کړو (ku) |
کړﺉ (kəi) |
کړي (ki) | ||||
| past imperfective |
کولم (kawә́ləm) |
کولې (kawә́le) |
کاوۀ (kāwә́) |
کوله (kawә́la) |
کولو (kawә́lu) |
کولﺉ (kawә́ləi) |
کول / کولۀ (kawә́lə / kawә́l) |
کولې (kawә́le) | ||
| past perfective |
کړم / کړلم (kṛələm / kṛəm) |
کړې / کړلې (kṛəle / kṛe) |
کړ (kə / kṛ) |
کړه / کړله (kṛəla / kṛa) |
کړو / کړلو (kṛəlu / kṛu) |
کړﺉ / کړلﺉ (kṛələi / kṛəi) |
کړلۀ / کړل (kṛəl/ kṛələ) |
کړلې (kṛəle) | ||
| تۀ | تاسو | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | |||
| وکړه (wë ka) |
وکړئ (wë kəi) | ||
| Negative | |||
| مه کوه (mә́ këwa) |
مه کوئ (mә́ këwәi) |
Related terms
- کېدل (kedël) (intransitive)
Further reading
- Pashto-English Dictionary, Qamosona.com
- Raverty, H. G. (Henry George). A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues. Second edition, with considerable additions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian 𐫐𐫇𐫓 (kwl /kōl/, “pit, sink”). Related to کولیدن (kulidan, “to dig, furrow”).
The sense 'lake' probably from a Turkic source, compare Uzbek koʻl (“lake”), Kazakh көл (köl, “lake”), Bashkir күл (kül, “lake”), from Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈkoːl/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [kʰoːl]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰuːl̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰɵl]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | kōl |
| Dari reading? | kōl |
| Iranian reading? | kul |
| Tajik reading? | kül |
Noun
| Dari | کول |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | кӯл |
کول • (kôl)
Synonyms
- کولاب (kôlâb)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʰuːl]
Noun
کول • (kul)
Derived terms
- کوله (kule)
Punjabi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Punjabi ਕੋਲਿ (koli), from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀮 (kōla), from Sanskrit कोल (kōlá).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /koːl/, /koːɭ/
Adjective
کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (indeclinable, Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)
Adverb
کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)
Postposition
کول or کوࣇ • (kol or koḷ) (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੋਲ or ਕੋਲ਼)
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “کول”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
- Bashir, Kanwal (2012), “کول”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press
- “ਕੋਲ਼”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “krōḍá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 187