فرعون
Arabic
Etymology
The word is not attested before the Qurʾān and the probabilities are that the immediate source for the Arabic is the Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fir.ʕawn/
Proper noun
فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m
- (without article) Pharaoh (as a title, especially referring to the Quranic/Biblical antagonist of Moses)
Declension
| singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | — | فِرْعَوْن firʕawn |
— |
| nominative | — | فِرْعَوْنُ firʕawnu |
— |
| accusative | — | فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna |
— |
| genitive | — | فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna |
— |
Noun
فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m (plural فَرَاعِنَة (farāʕina))
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | فِرْعَوْن firʕawn |
الْفِرْعَوْن al-firʕawn |
فِرْعَوْن firʕawn |
| nominative | فِرْعَوْنٌ firʕawnun |
الْفِرْعَوْنُ al-firʕawnu |
فِرْعَوْنُ firʕawnu |
| accusative | فِرْعَوْنًا firʕawnan |
الْفِرْعَوْنَ al-firʕawna |
فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna |
| genitive | فِرْعَوْنٍ firʕawnin |
الْفِرْعَوْنِ al-firʕawni |
فِرْعَوْنِ firʕawni |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | فِرْعَوْنَيْن firʕawnayn |
الْفِرْعَوْنَيْن al-firʕawnayn |
فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay |
| nominative | فِرْعَوْنَانِ firʕawnāni |
الْفِرْعَوْنَانِ al-firʕawnāni |
فِرْعَوْنَا firʕawnā |
| accusative | فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ firʕawnayni |
الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ al-firʕawnayni |
فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay |
| genitive | فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ firʕawnayni |
الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ al-firʕawnayni |
فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay |
| plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | فَرَاعِنَة farāʕina |
الْفَرَاعِنَة al-farāʕina |
فَرَاعِنَة farāʕinat |
| nominative | فَرَاعِنَةٌ farāʕinatun |
الْفَرَاعِنَةُ al-farāʕinatu |
فَرَاعِنَةُ farāʕinatu |
| accusative | فَرَاعِنَةً farāʕinatan |
الْفَرَاعِنَةَ al-farāʕinata |
فَرَاعِنَةَ farāʕinata |
| genitive | فَرَاعِنَةٍ farāʕinatin |
الْفَرَاعِنَةِ al-farāʕinati |
فَرَاعِنَةِ farāʕinati |
Derived terms
- تَفَرْعَنَ (tafarʕana)
Descendants
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938), The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 225
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “فرعون”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Further reading
- فرعون on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ar
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fir.ʕoːn/, [fɪr.ʕo̞ːn]
Noun
فرعون • (firʕōn) m (plural فراعنة (farāʕna))
Kohistani Shina
Noun
فرعون (fir'on)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn), possibly borrowed from Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ, borrowed from Koine Greek Φαραών (Pharaṓn), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה, borrowed from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ, from pr + ꜥꜣ.
Noun
فرعون • (firʼavun) (definite accusative فرعونی (firʼavunu), plural فرعونلر (firʼavunlar))
- (historical) pharaoh, the supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt and the intermediary between the gods and the people
Derived terms
- فرعون انجیری (firʼavun inciri, “sycamore”)
- فرعون تاجی (firʼavun tacı, “bishop's mitre shell”)
- فرعون تپهسی (firʼavun tepesi, “pyramid”)
- فرعون فارهسی (firʼavun faresi, “ichneumon”)
- فرعونلق (firʼavunluk, “self-willedness”)
- فرعونی (firʼavnî, “self-willedness”)
- قوم فرعون (kavm-i firʼavun, “Egyptians”)
Descendants
- Turkish: firavun
Further reading
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “فرعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 410
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “firavun”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1596
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “فرعون”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 342a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “فرعون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 894
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Pharao”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1295
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “فرعون”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 3502
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “firavun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “فرعون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1377
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn), possibly borrowed from Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ, borrowed from Koine Greek Φαραών (Pharaṓn), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה, borrowed from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ, from pr + ꜥꜣ.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /fir.ˈʔawn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [fɪɾ.ʔäwn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [feɹ.ʔown]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fiɾ.ʔäwn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | fir'awn |
| Dari reading? | fir'awn |
| Iranian reading? | fer'own |
| Tajik reading? | fir'avn |
Noun
فرعون • (fir'awn / fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farā'ina / farâ'ene), or فرعونها (fir'awn-hā / fer'own-hâ), Tajik spelling фиръавн)
Descendants
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian فِرْعَوْن (fir'awn), borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn), possibly borrowed from Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ, borrowed from Koine Greek Φαραών (Pharaṓn), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה, borrowed from Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ, from pr + ꜥꜣ.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /fɪɾ.(ʔ)ɔːn/, /fɪ.ɾɔːn/
- Rhymes: -ɔːn
- Hyphenation: فِر‧عَون, فِ‧رعَون
Noun
فِرْعَون • (fir'aun) m (formal plural فَراعِنَہ (farā'ina), Hindi spelling फ़िरौन or फ़िरऔन)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) |
| oblique | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَونوں (fir'aunõ) |
| vocative | فِرْعَون (fir'aun) | فِرْعَونو (fir'auno) |