فرس

See also: فرش, قرش, and ف ر س

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *paras-, compare Ge'ez ፈረሰ (färäsä, “to demolish”), Hebrew פָּרַס (pārás, “to divide”), Aramaic פְּרַס (pᵊras, “to divide”), Akkadian 𒋻 (parāsum, “to cut off”). From the root ف ر س (f r s).

Also, from Proto-Semitic *paraš-, Aramaic פְרַשׁ (pᵊraš, “to cut off”).

Further, Arabic فَرَصَ (faraṣa, “to slit”), Hebrew פָּרַץ (pāraṣ, “to breach”), Akkadian 𒉺𒊏𒍮 (parāṣum, “to lie, to break an oath or breach trust”), Ge'ez ፈረጸ (färäṣä, “to break open”), Ugaritic 𐎔𐎗𐎕 (prṣ, “to open”), as well as Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa, “to notch”).

Also, Arabic فَرَقَ (faraqa, “to separate”), widespread in Semitic.

Also, Arabic فَرَثَ (faraṯa, “to scatter”), Aramaic פְּרַת (pᵊraṯ, “to tear apart”)

Verb

فَرَسَ • (farasa) I (non-past يَفْرِسُ (yafrisu), verbal noun فَرْس (fars))

to maul, to tear up, to tatter

Conjugation

Conjugation of **فَرَسَ** (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal noun **فَرْس**)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					فَرْس fars
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					فَارِس fāris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَفْرُوس mafrūs
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَرَسْتُ farastu	فَرَسْتَ farasta	فَرَسَ farasa	فَرَسْتُمَا farastumā	فَرَسَا farasā	فَرَسْنَا farasnā	فَرَسْتُمْ farastum	فَرَسُوا farasū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	فَرَسْتُ farastu	فَرَسْتِ farasti	فَرَسَتْ farasat	فَرَسْتُمَا farastumā	فَرَسَتَا farasatā	فَرَسْنَا farasnā	فَرَسْتُنَّ farastunna	فَرَسْنَ farasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَفْرِسُ ʔafrisu	تَفْرِسُ tafrisu	يَفْرِسُ yafrisu	تَفْرِسَانِ tafrisāni	يَفْرِسَانِ yafrisāni	نَفْرِسُ nafrisu	تَفْرِسُونَ tafrisūna	يَفْرِسُونَ yafrisūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَفْرِسُ ʔafrisu	تَفْرِسِينَ tafrisīna	تَفْرِسُ tafrisu	تَفْرِسَانِ tafrisāni	تَفْرِسَانِ tafrisāni	نَفْرِسُ nafrisu	تَفْرِسْنَ tafrisna	يَفْرِسْنَ yafrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَفْرِسَ ʔafrisa	تَفْرِسَ tafrisa	يَفْرِسَ yafrisa	تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	يَفْرِسَا yafrisā	نَفْرِسَ nafrisa	تَفْرِسُوا tafrisū	يَفْرِسُوا yafrisū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَفْرِسَ ʔafrisa	تَفْرِسِي tafrisī	تَفْرِسَ tafrisa	تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	نَفْرِسَ nafrisa	تَفْرِسْنَ tafrisna	يَفْرِسْنَ yafrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَفْرِسْ ʔafris	تَفْرِسْ tafris	يَفْرِسْ yafris	تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	يَفْرِسَا yafrisā	نَفْرِسْ nafris	تَفْرِسُوا tafrisū	يَفْرِسُوا yafrisū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَفْرِسْ ʔafris	تَفْرِسِي tafrisī	تَفْرِسْ tafris	تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	تَفْرِسَا tafrisā	نَفْرِسْ nafris	تَفْرِسْنَ tafrisna	يَفْرِسْنَ yafrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِفْرِسْ ifris		اِفْرِسَا ifrisā			اِفْرِسُوا ifrisū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِفْرِسِي ifrisī		اِفْرِسَا ifrisā			اِفْرِسْنَ ifrisna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُرِسْتُ furistu	فُرِسْتَ furista	فُرِسَ furisa	فُرِسْتُمَا furistumā	فُرِسَا furisā	فُرِسْنَا furisnā	فُرِسْتُمْ furistum	فُرِسُوا furisū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	فُرِسْتُ furistu	فُرِسْتِ furisti	فُرِسَتْ furisat	فُرِسْتُمَا furistumā	فُرِسَتَا furisatā	فُرِسْنَا furisnā	فُرِسْتُنَّ furistunna	فُرِسْنَ furisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفْرَسُ ʔufrasu	تُفْرَسُ tufrasu	يُفْرَسُ yufrasu	تُفْرَسَانِ tufrasāni	يُفْرَسَانِ yufrasāni	نُفْرَسُ nufrasu	تُفْرَسُونَ tufrasūna	يُفْرَسُونَ yufrasūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُفْرَسُ ʔufrasu	تُفْرَسِينَ tufrasīna	تُفْرَسُ tufrasu	تُفْرَسَانِ tufrasāni	تُفْرَسَانِ tufrasāni	نُفْرَسُ nufrasu	تُفْرَسْنَ tufrasna	يُفْرَسْنَ yufrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفْرَسَ ʔufrasa	تُفْرَسَ tufrasa	يُفْرَسَ yufrasa	تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	يُفْرَسَا yufrasā	نُفْرَسَ nufrasa	تُفْرَسُوا tufrasū	يُفْرَسُوا yufrasū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُفْرَسَ ʔufrasa	تُفْرَسِي tufrasī	تُفْرَسَ tufrasa	تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	نُفْرَسَ nufrasa	تُفْرَسْنَ tufrasna	يُفْرَسْنَ yufrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفْرَسْ ʔufras	تُفْرَسْ tufras	يُفْرَسْ yufras	تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	يُفْرَسَا yufrasā	نُفْرَسْ nufras	تُفْرَسُوا tufrasū	يُفْرَسُوا yufrasū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُفْرَسْ ʔufras	تُفْرَسِي tufrasī	تُفْرَسْ tufras	تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	تُفْرَسَا tufrasā	نُفْرَسْ nufras	تُفْرَسْنَ tufrasna	يُفْرَسْنَ yufrasna

Noun

فَرْس • (fars) m

verbal noun of فَرَسَ (farasa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun **فَرْس** (fars)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَرْس fars	الْفَرْس al-fars	فَرْس fars
nominative	فَرْسٌ farsun	الْفَرْسُ al-farsu	فَرْسُ farsu
accusative	فَرْسًا farsan	الْفَرْسَ al-farsa	فَرْسَ farsa
genitive	فَرْسٍ farsin	الْفَرْسِ al-farsi	فَرْسِ farsi

Etymology 2

Cognate with Hebrew פָּרָשׁ (pārā́š, “horseman”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܐ (parašā, “horseman”), Ge'ez ፈረስ (färäs, “horse”).

Noun

فَرَس • (faras) m or f (plural أَفْرَاس (ʔafrās))

horse, mare
Synonyms: حِصَان (ḥiṣān), خَيْل (ḵayl)

Declension

Declension of noun **فَرَس** (faras)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَرَس faras	الْفَرَس al-faras	فَرَس faras
nominative	فَرَسٌ farasun	الْفَرَسُ al-farasu	فَرَسُ farasu
accusative	فَرَسًا farasan	الْفَرَسَ al-farasa	فَرَسَ farasa
genitive	فَرَسٍ farasin	الْفَرَسِ al-farasi	فَرَسِ farasi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فَرَسَيْن farasayn	الْفَرَسَيْن al-farasayn	فَرَسَيْ farasay
nominative	فَرَسَانِ farasāni	الْفَرَسَانِ al-farasāni	فَرَسَا farasā
accusative	فَرَسَيْنِ farasayni	الْفَرَسَيْنِ al-farasayni	فَرَسَيْ farasay
genitive	فَرَسَيْنِ farasayni	الْفَرَسَيْنِ al-farasayni	فَرَسَيْ farasay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَفْرَاس ʔafrās	الْأَفْرَاس al-ʔafrās	أَفْرَاس ʔafrās
nominative	أَفْرَاسٌ ʔafrāsun	الْأَفْرَاسُ al-ʔafrāsu	أَفْرَاسُ ʔafrāsu
accusative	أَفْرَاسًا ʔafrāsan	الْأَفْرَاسَ al-ʔafrāsa	أَفْرَاسَ ʔafrāsa
genitive	أَفْرَاسٍ ʔafrāsin	الْأَفْرَاسِ al-ʔafrāsi	أَفْرَاسِ ʔafrāsi

Descendants

→ Afar: farás
→ Baldemu: pilish (possibly)
→ Portuguese: alfaraz, Alfaraz
→ Swahili: farasi
- → Kikuyu: mbarathi
- → Lingala: farása
- → Luganda: mbalaàsi
- → Tooro: embaraasi

References

Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “فرس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2367.

Etymology 3

From Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).

Verb

فَرَّسَ • (farrasa) II (non-past يُفَرِّسُ (yufarrisu), verbal noun تَفْرِيس (tafrīs))

to persianize/persify

Conjugation

Conjugation of **فَرَّسَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَفْرِيس*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَفْرِيس tafrīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُفَرِّس mufarris
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُفَرَّس mufarras
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَرَّسْتُ farrastu	فَرَّسْتَ farrasta	فَرَّسَ farrasa	فَرَّسْتُمَا farrastumā	فَرَّسَا farrasā	فَرَّسْنَا farrasnā	فَرَّسْتُمْ farrastum	فَرَّسُوا farrasū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	فَرَّسْتُ farrastu	فَرَّسْتِ farrasti	فَرَّسَتْ farrasat	فَرَّسْتُمَا farrastumā	فَرَّسَتَا farrasatā	فَرَّسْنَا farrasnā	فَرَّسْتُنَّ farrastunna	فَرَّسْنَ farrasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَرِّسُ ʔufarrisu	تُفَرِّسُ tufarrisu	يُفَرِّسُ yufarrisu	تُفَرِّسَانِ tufarrisāni	يُفَرِّسَانِ yufarrisāni	نُفَرِّسُ nufarrisu	تُفَرِّسُونَ tufarrisūna	يُفَرِّسُونَ yufarrisūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُفَرِّسُ ʔufarrisu	تُفَرِّسِينَ tufarrisīna	تُفَرِّسُ tufarrisu	تُفَرِّسَانِ tufarrisāni	تُفَرِّسَانِ tufarrisāni	نُفَرِّسُ nufarrisu	تُفَرِّسْنَ tufarrisna	يُفَرِّسْنَ yufarrisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَرِّسَ ʔufarrisa	تُفَرِّسَ tufarrisa	يُفَرِّسَ yufarrisa	تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	يُفَرِّسَا yufarrisā	نُفَرِّسَ nufarrisa	تُفَرِّسُوا tufarrisū	يُفَرِّسُوا yufarrisū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُفَرِّسَ ʔufarrisa	تُفَرِّسِي tufarrisī	تُفَرِّسَ tufarrisa	تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	نُفَرِّسَ nufarrisa	تُفَرِّسْنَ tufarrisna	يُفَرِّسْنَ yufarrisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَرِّسْ ʔufarris	تُفَرِّسْ tufarris	يُفَرِّسْ yufarris	تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	يُفَرِّسَا yufarrisā	نُفَرِّسْ nufarris	تُفَرِّسُوا tufarrisū	يُفَرِّسُوا yufarrisū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُفَرِّسْ ʔufarris	تُفَرِّسِي tufarrisī	تُفَرِّسْ tufarris	تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	تُفَرِّسَا tufarrisā	نُفَرِّسْ nufarris	تُفَرِّسْنَ tufarrisna	يُفَرِّسْنَ yufarrisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		فَرِّسْ farris		فَرِّسَا farrisā			فَرِّسُوا farrisū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		فَرِّسِي farrisī		فَرِّسَا farrisā			فَرِّسْنَ farrisna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُرِّسْتُ furristu	فُرِّسْتَ furrista	فُرِّسَ furrisa	فُرِّسْتُمَا furristumā	فُرِّسَا furrisā	فُرِّسْنَا furrisnā	فُرِّسْتُمْ furristum	فُرِّسُوا furrisū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	فُرِّسْتُ furristu	فُرِّسْتِ furristi	فُرِّسَتْ furrisat	فُرِّسْتُمَا furristumā	فُرِّسَتَا furrisatā	فُرِّسْنَا furrisnā	فُرِّسْتُنَّ furristunna	فُرِّسْنَ furrisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَرَّسُ ʔufarrasu	تُفَرَّسُ tufarrasu	يُفَرَّسُ yufarrasu	تُفَرَّسَانِ tufarrasāni	يُفَرَّسَانِ yufarrasāni	نُفَرَّسُ nufarrasu	تُفَرَّسُونَ tufarrasūna	يُفَرَّسُونَ yufarrasūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُفَرَّسُ ʔufarrasu	تُفَرَّسِينَ tufarrasīna	تُفَرَّسُ tufarrasu	تُفَرَّسَانِ tufarrasāni	تُفَرَّسَانِ tufarrasāni	نُفَرَّسُ nufarrasu	تُفَرَّسْنَ tufarrasna	يُفَرَّسْنَ yufarrasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَرَّسَ ʔufarrasa	تُفَرَّسَ tufarrasa	يُفَرَّسَ yufarrasa	تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	يُفَرَّسَا yufarrasā	نُفَرَّسَ nufarrasa	تُفَرَّسُوا tufarrasū	يُفَرَّسُوا yufarrasū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُفَرَّسَ ʔufarrasa	تُفَرَّسِي tufarrasī	تُفَرَّسَ tufarrasa	تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	نُفَرَّسَ nufarrasa	تُفَرَّسْنَ tufarrasna	يُفَرَّسْنَ yufarrasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَرَّسْ ʔufarras	تُفَرَّسْ tufarras	يُفَرَّسْ yufarras	تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	يُفَرَّسَا yufarrasā	نُفَرَّسْ nufarras	تُفَرَّسُوا tufarrasū	يُفَرَّسُوا yufarrasū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُفَرَّسْ ʔufarras	تُفَرَّسِي tufarrasī	تُفَرَّسْ tufarras	تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	تُفَرَّسَا tufarrasā	نُفَرَّسْ nufarras	تُفَرَّسْنَ tufarrasna	يُفَرَّسْنَ yufarrasna

Noun

فُرْس • (furs) m (collective, singulative فَارِسِيّ m (fārisiyy))

Persians

Declension

Declension of noun **فُرْس** (furs)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	فُرْس furs	الْفُرْس al-furs	فُرْس furs
nominative	فُرْسٌ fursun	الْفُرْسُ al-fursu	فُرْسُ fursu
accusative	فُرْسًا fursan	الْفُرْسَ al-fursa	فُرْسَ fursa
genitive	فُرْسٍ fursin	الْفُرْسِ al-fursi	فُرْسِ fursi

Related terms

فَارِس (fāris)

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic فَرَس (faras).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /fa.ˈras/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾás]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾás]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾás]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [fæ.ɹǽs]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fä.ɾás]

Readings
Classical reading^?	faras
Dari reading^?	faras
Iranian reading^?	faras
Tajik reading^?	faras

Noun

فرس • (faras) (plural افراس (afrâs))

(literary) horse
Synonym: اسب (asb)
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 102:
  دور از رکاب او شرفی بس که گه گهی
  گردی رسد بدیده ز راه فرس مرا
  dūr az rikāb-i ō šarafē bas ki gah gahē
  gardē rasad ba-dīda zi rāh-i faras ma-rā
  Far away from her saddle, the honor is enough that from time to time,
  A mote of dust reaches my eyes from the road of her horse.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic فُرْس (furs).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈfurs/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fʊɹs]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fʊɹs]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fuɹs]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [foɹs]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fuɹs]

Readings
Classical reading^?	furs
Dari reading^?	furs
Iranian reading^?	fors
Tajik reading^?	furs

Noun

فرس • (fors) (literary)

the Persians, the Iranians (as a whole); Iran, Persia
Synonyms: فارس‌ها (fârs-hâ), ایرانیان (irâniyân), عجم (ajam)
the Persian language; mainly in (fors-e qadim, “Old Persian, ancient Persian language”).
Synonyms: فارسی (fârsi), پارسی (pârsi), دری (dari)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic فَرَس (faras).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa.ras/, [ˈfa.ras]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

فرس • (faras) m (plural أفراس (ʔafrās))

mare

Derived terms

فرس النهر (faras in-nahr, “hippo”)

Etymology 2

From Arabic فُرْس (furs).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /furs/, [fʊrs]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

فرس • (furs) pl

plural of فارسي (fārsi, “Persian”)

Adjective

فرس • (furs)

plural of فارسي (fārsi, “Persian”)

Arabic

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Etymology 3

Verb

Conjugation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Persian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Adjective