سفید

Pahari-Potwari

Etymology

  • Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

    Adjective

    سَفید (safed)

    1. white

    Persian

    Alternative forms

    • سپید (sapêd) (literary, poetic)
    • اسپید (espêd) (poetic, dialectal)[1]
    • اسفید (esfid), اسبید (esbêd)[2][3]
    • سیفید (sifid) (dialectal, Abadeh), سفی (sefi) (dialectal, Sistan)

    Etymology

  • From earlier سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, white), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (bright; shine). Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, white), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾspʾyt), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, white, bright).

    Pronunciation

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? safēd
    Dari reading? safēd
    Iranian reading? sefid
    Tajik reading? safed
    • Audio (Iran):(file)

    Adjective

    Dari سفید
    Iranian Persian
    Tajik сафед

    سفید • (sefid)

    1. white
    2. fair
    3. pale
    4. clear

    Derived terms

    • سفیدپر (sefid-par, mosquito)
    • سفیدبا (sefid-bâ, blancmange)
    • سفیدی (sefidi, whiteness)
    • سفیدک (sefidak)
    • سفیده (sefide, egg white)

    Descendants

    See also

    References

    • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “սպիտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 264–265
    • Horn, Paul (1893), Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 708, page 157
    • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897), Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 240
    • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “spēd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

    Urdu

    Etymology

  • Borrowed from Classical Persian سَفید (safēd), from سَپید (sapēd), from Middle Persian spyt', from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    سَفید • (safed) (Hindi spelling सफ़ेद)

    1. white
    2. clean
    3. blank

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    • سفیدہ (safēdā)
    • سفیدی (safēdī)

    See also

    Colors in Urdu · رنگ (layout · text)
         سادہ (sāda), سفید (safed), اُجّر (ujjar)      سلیٹی (sleṭī), چھائی (chāī), دھوسر (dhūsar), سرمئی (surmaī)      کالا (kālā), سانولا (sā̃vlā)
                 لال (lāl), سرخ (surx), راتا (rātā); مہرون (mahroon), سندوری (sindūrī) قرمزی (qirmizī)              اورنج (orenj), نارنگی (narangī), کیسری (kesrī), گیروا (geruā), بھگوا (bhagvā), زعفرانی (za'frānī); بھورا (bhūrā), کتھئی (katthaī), چوکلیٹی (cokleṭī), خاکی (xākī)              پیلا (pīlā), بسنتی (basantī), زرد (zard); گیہُواں (gehũā), بدامی (badāmī)
                 لائم (lāim), انگوری (aṅgūrī)              ہرا (harā), سُگَّا (suggā), سبز (sabz)              پودین ہرا (pūdīn harā); گاڑھا ہرا (gāṛhā harā)
                 فیروزہ (fīroza)              لاجوردی (lājvardī)~لاژوردی (lāźvardī)              نیلا (nīlā)
                 بینگنی (baignī), اودا (ūdā)              رانی (rānī); جامنی (jāmnī~jāmunī)              گلابی (gulābī)

    Further reading

    • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “سفيد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
    • سفید”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.