تعریف
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic تَعْرِيف (taʕrīf), from عَرَّفَ (ʕarrafa).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /taʔ.ˈriːf/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäʔ.ɾíːf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæʔ.ɹíːf]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [t̪ʰæː.ɹíːf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [t̪ʰäʔ.ɾíf]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ta'rīf |
| Dari reading? | ta'rīf |
| Iranian reading? | ta'rif |
| Tajik reading? | ta'rif |
Noun
تعریف • (ta'rīf / ta'rif) (plural تعریفها (ta'rīf-hā / ta'rif-hâ), or تعاریف (ta'ârif), Tajik spelling таъриф)
- definition
- description, explanation, narration
- praise, commendation
- تعریف از خود ― ta'rif az xod ― self-praise
- تعریف دوستانه ― ta'rif-e dustâne ― friendly compliment
- making something known
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 290—291:
- دشمن روزند این قلابکان
عاشق روزند آن زرهای کان
ز آن که روز است آینهی تعریف او- dušman-i rōz-and īn qallābakān
âšiq-e rōz-and ān zar-hā-yi kān
z-ān-ki rōz ast āyina-yi ta'rīf-i ō - These counterfeiters are the enemies of the day,
And those pieces of gold are the lovers of day,
Because the day is the mirror that makes it [the purity of gold] known.
- dušman-i rōz-and īn qallābakān
Derived terms
- تعریف کردن (ta'rif kardan, “to define, to describe, to praise”)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: tərif
- → Bengali: তারিফ (tariph)
- → Gujarati: તારીફ (tārīph)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kannada: ತಾರೀಫು (tārīphu), ತಾರೀಪು (tārīpu)
- → Marathi: तारीफ (tārīph)
- → Ottoman Turkish: تعریف
- Turkish: tarif
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਰੀਫ਼ (tārīf)
- Shahmukhi script: تَعْرِیف (taʻrīf)
- → Chagatai:
- Uzbek: taʼrif
- Uyghur: تەرىپ (terip)
Punjabi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Classical Persian تَعْرِیف (ta'rīf), borrowed from Arabic تَعْرِيف (taʕrīf), from عَرَّفَ (ʕarrafa).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /täː.ɾiːf/
- (colloquial) IPA(key): [tə̆˩˥.ɾiːfᵊ]
Noun
تَعْرِیف • (taʻrīf) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਤਾਰੀਫ਼)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | تَعْرِیف (taʻrīf) | تَعْرِیفاں (taʻrīfāṉ) |
| oblique | تَعْرِیف (taʻrīf) | تَعْرِیفاں (taʻrīfāṉ) |
| vocative | تَعْرِیفے (taʻrīfe) | تَعْرِیفو (taʻrīfo) |
| ablative | تَعْرِیفوں (taʻrīfoṉ) | تَعْرِیفاں (taʻrīfāṉ) |
| locative | تَعْرِیفی (taʻrīfī) | تَعْرِیفِیں (taʻrīfīṉ) |
| instrumental | تَعْرِیفِیں (taʻrīfīṉ) | تَعْرِیفے (taʻrīfe) |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “تعریف”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
- “ਤਾਰੀਫ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2025
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian تَعْرِیف (ta'rīf), borrowed from Arabic تَعْرِيف (taʕrīf), from عَرَّفَ (ʕarrafa).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /t̪ɑː.ɾiːf/
Noun
تَعْرِیف • (ta'rīf) f (Hindi spelling तारीफ़)
- definition, description
- praise, commendation, laudation, admiration
- a table of rates of export and import duties