اول

• آول

From Proto-Turkic *ogul.

اَول (awıl or awul)

1. (Volga Bulgar) son

   اَحرَج اَوْلِ اَبحُمِ اَولِ اَرشِ اَولِ مَحمُود زِيَارَةِ كُ ― Ahraç awlı Abhumi awlı Arşı awlı Mahmûd ziyâreti kü. ― This is the memorial of Ahraç's son Abhumi's son Arshy's son Mahmud.

• Chuvash: ывӑл (yvăl)

• Róna-Tas, András (1976), “A Volga Bulgarıan Inscription from 1307”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎^[1] (in Bulgar), volume 30, number 2, pages 153–186
• Tekin, Talât (1988), Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 158, 182-183

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): [uːl]

اول (uul)

1. (anatomy) belly

• Sadaf Munshi (2015), “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎^[3].
• Bechtholdt, Astrid (2025), “اول”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.

• IPA^(key): /ol/, /ul/

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ol.

اول • (ʾwl /ol/ or ʾwl /ul/)

1. he, she, it

اول • (ʾwl /ol/ or ʾwl /ul/)

1. that
2. this

• او (ʾw /⁠u, o⁠/)

• Uyghur: ئۇ (u)
• Uzbek:

  Arabic script: ئۇ (Yangi Imlo)

  Afghan Uzbek: او

  Cyrillic script: у (u)

  Latin script: u

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَوَّل (awwal), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).

اول • (ʾwl /äwwäl/)

1. first

اول • (ʾwl /äwwäl/)

1. first of all, firstly
2. before, earlier

• Uyghur: ئاۋۋال (awwal)
• Uzbek:

  Latin script: avval

  Cyrillic script: аввал (avval)

  Afghan Uzbek: اَوَّل (avval)

• Jarring, Gunnar (1964), “اول”, in An Eastern Turki-English Dialect Dictionary‎^[4], C.W.K. Gleerup, page 38
• Shaw, Robert Barkley (1880), “اول”, in “Turki-English vocabulary” (chapter 2), in A Sketch of the Turki Language as Spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Káshgar and Yarkand)‎^[5], Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, page 26

اول • (awwil) (feminine اولى (ūla), masculine plural اوايل (awāyil))

1. alternative spelling of أول

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑆄𑆬𑆪 (ālaya).^[1]

اول • (ōl) m (plural ٲلؠ, Devanagari ओल, Sharada 𑆏𑆬𑇀)

1. nest
2. a recess in a wall used as a shelf

• Grierson, George Abraham (1932), “ôlu”, in A dictionary of the Kashmiri language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal
• Elmslie, William Jackson (1872), A Vocabulary of the Kashmírí Language‎^[6], London: Church Missionary House, page 47

اَوَّل (əvvəl)

1. Arabic spelling of əvvəl (“first”)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ol, whence also آنْ (an).

• IPA^(key): /oɫ/

اُولْ • (ol)

1. that, over there

   اول كون بر قیامت صواش اولدی

   ol gün bir qıyāmät savaş oldı

   that day an apocalyptic war occured

اُولْ • (ol)

1. he, she, it (third person singular pronoun)

Reflexives of the merger with آنْ (an):

• Azerbaijani: o
• Gagauz: o
• Ottoman Turkish: او (o), (early) اول (ol)
  • Turkish: o

Borrowed from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).

• IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ævːæl/

أَوَّل • (ʔävväl)

1. first
2. previous

أَوَّل • (ʔävväl)

1. before

• Azerbaijani: əvvəl
• Gagauz: evel
• Ottoman Turkish: اول (evvel)
  • Turkish: evvel

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “o”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “evvel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

From Proto-Turkic *o-l (“that”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ol), Karakhanid اُلْ (ol), Kazakh ол (ol), etc.

• او (o)

اول • (ol)

1. (demonstrative) he, she, it
   • 16th ce., Tiryâkî Hasan Paşa, Gazavât-ı Tiryâkî:

     امدی بندن قاپودانه سلام ایله اول دخی قراللاروڭوره خبر ایده

     İmdi benden kapudana selam eyle, ol dahı krallaruñuza haber ede

     Now go and give your captain my regards, may he inform your kings too

• Turkish: o

• بو (bu)
• شو (şu)
• شول (şol)

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “او”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[7] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 167
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), Linguarum orientalium Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae institutiones seu Grammatica Turcica in qua orthographia, etymologia, syntaxis, prosodia, et reliqua eò spectantia exacte tractantur, exemplisque perspicuis illustrantur et cuius singulis capitubus praecepta linguarum Arabicae et Persicae subjiciuntur‎^[8], Vienna, page 146
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “او”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[9], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 232
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “اول”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 265

From Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).

اول • (evvel)

1. first
2. old

• اولكی (evvelki)

• Turkish: evvel

اول • (evvel)

1. beginning

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “اول”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[11] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 199
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “evvel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Borrowed from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).

Readings
Classical reading?	awwal
Dari reading?	awwal
Iranian reading?	avval
Tajik reading?	avval

اَوَّل • (avval)

1. first, firstly

   Synonyms: اَوَّلاً (avvalan), اَوَّلین (avvalin), نُخُسْت (noxost)

Persian numbers ^(edit)

		10
		۱ 1	2  →	10  →
Cardinal: یک (yek)     Ordinal: اَوَّل (avval)

اول • (avval)

1. first

   Synonyms: یِکُم (yekom), نُخُسْت (noxost)

• Dari: اَوَّل (awwal)
• Iranian Persian: اَوَّل (avval)
• Tajik: аввал (avval)
• → Bengali: আউয়াল (aual)
• → Chagatai: اول (ʾwl /⁠äwwäl⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: अव्वल (avval)

  Urdu: اَوَّل (avval)

• → Khalaj: əvvəl

Urdu numbers ^(edit)

		10[a], [b]
	←  0	۱ 1	2  → [a], [b], [c]	10  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: ایک (ek)     Ordinal: پَہْلا (pahlā), اَوَّل (avval)     Multiplier: اِکْلَوتا (iklautā), واحِد (vāhid)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَوَّل (awwal), from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /əʋː.əl/
• Rhymes: -əl
• Hyphenation: اَوْ‧وَل

اَوَّل • (avval) (Hindi spelling अव्वल)

1. first

   Synonyms: پہلا (pahlā), یکم (yakam), نخست (nuxust)

2. foremost, primary

   Synonyms: نخستین (nuxustīn), اولین (avvalīn), اولاً (avvalan)

3. first-class, excellent, highest

اَوَّل • (avval) m (Hindi spelling अव्वल)

1. beginning, first or early part

• “اول”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “اول”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.