اسم

See also: آسم, أسم, and أشم

Arabic

Etymology 1

  • From Proto-Semitic *šim-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *sim- (“name”). Leveled in Arabic to the roots و س م (w s m) and س م و (s m w). Cognate with Hebrew שם (shém).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ism/
    • Audio:(file)
      • (Gulf) IPA(key): /ɪ.sɪm/

    Noun

    اِسْم • (ism) m (plural أَسْمَاء (ʔasmāʔ) or أَسَامٍ (ʔasāmin))

    1. name
      مَا ٱسْمُكَ؟ ― mā smuka? ― What is your name?
      بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
      bismi allāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi
      in the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
      بِسْمِ ٱلْآبِ وَٱلِٱبْنِ وَٱلرُّوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ
      bismi l-ʔābi wal-ibni war-rūḥi l-qudusi
      In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
    2. appellation
    3. reputation, prestige
    4. (grammar) noun (a category above, including pronouns and substantives like adjectives and participles, see the derived terms to get a picture of the usage)
    Declension
    Declension of noun اِسْم (ism)
    singular basic singular triptote
    indefinite definite construct
    informal اِسْم
    ism     		الِاسْم
    al-ism     		اِسْم
    ism
    nominative اِسْمٌ
    ismun     		الِاسْمُ
    al-ismu     		اِسْمُ
    ismu
    accusative اِسْمًا
    isman     		الِاسْمَ
    al-isma     		اِسْمَ
    isma
    genitive اِسْمٍ
    ismin     		الِاسْمِ
    al-ismi     		اِسْمِ
    ismi
    dual indefinite definite construct
    informal اِسْمَيْن
    ismayn     		الِاسْمَيْن
    al-ismayn     		اِسْمَيْ
    ismay
    nominative اِسْمَانِ
    ismāni     		الِاسْمَانِ
    al-ismāni     		اِسْمَا
    ismā
    accusative اِسْمَيْنِ
    ismayni     		الِاسْمَيْنِ
    al-ismayni     		اِسْمَيْ
    ismay
    genitive اِسْمَيْنِ
    ismayni     		الِاسْمَيْنِ
    al-ismayni     		اِسْمَيْ
    ismay
    plural basic broken plural triptote‎;
    broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
    indefinite definite construct
    informal أَسْمَاء‎; أَسَامِي
    ʔasmāʔ‎; ʔasāmī     		الْأَسْمَاء‎; الْأَسَامِي
    al-ʔasmāʔ‎; al-ʔasāmī     		أَسْمَاء‎; أَسَامِي
    ʔasmāʔ‎; ʔasāmī
    nominative أَسْمَاءٌ‎; أَسَامٍ
    ʔasmāʔun‎; ʔasāmin     		الْأَسْمَاءُ‎; الْأَسَامِي
    al-ʔasmāʔu‎; al-ʔasāmī     		أَسْمَاءُ‎; أَسَامِي
    ʔasmāʔu‎; ʔasāmī
    accusative أَسْمَاءً‎; أَسَامِيَ
    ʔasmāʔan‎; ʔasāmiya     		الْأَسْمَاءَ‎; الْأَسَامِيَ
    al-ʔasmāʔa‎; al-ʔasāmiya     		أَسْمَاءَ‎; أَسَامِيَ
    ʔasmāʔa‎; ʔasāmiya
    genitive أَسْمَاءٍ‎; أَسَامٍ
    ʔasmāʔin‎; ʔasāmin     		الْأَسْمَاءِ‎; الْأَسَامِي
    al-ʔasmāʔi‎; al-ʔasāmī     		أَسْمَاءِ‎; أَسَامِي
    ʔasmāʔi‎; ʔasāmī
    Derived terms
    • اَلْأَسْمَاء الْخَمْسَة (al-ʔasmāʔ al-ḵamsa, “the five nouns”)
    • اِسْم آلَة (ism ʔāla, “nomen instrumenti”)
    • اِسْم إِشَارَة (ism ʔišāra, “pronomen demonstrativum”)
    • اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام (ism istifhām, “pronomen interrogativum”)
    • اِسْم تَفْضِيل (ism tafḍīl, “elativus”)
    • اِسْم جَمْع (ism jamʕ, “nomen generis”)
    • اِسْم جِنْس (ism jins, “nomen appellativum”)
    • اِسْم جِنْس إِفْرَادِيّ (ism jins ʔifrādiyy)
    • اِسْم جِنْس جَمْعِيّ (ism jins jamʕiyy)
    • اِسْم زَمَان (ism zamān, “nomen temporis”)
    • اِسْم عَدَد (ism ʕadad, “nomen numeri”)
    • اِسْم عَلَم (ism ʕalam, “nomen proprium”)
    • اِسْم فَاعِل (ism fāʕil, “participium activum”)
    • اِسْم مَرَّة (ism marra, “nomen vicis”)
    • اِسْم مَفْعُول (ism mafʕūl, “participium passivum”)
    • اِسْم مَقْصُور (ism maqṣūr, “noun ending in ى or ا”)
    • اِسْم مَكَان (ism makān, “nomen loci”)
    • اِسْم مَنْقُوص (ism manqūṣ, “noun ending in ـٍ (-in)”)
    • اِسْم مَوْصُول (ism mawṣūl, “pronomen relativum”)
    • اِسْم نَوْع (ism nawʕ, “nomen speciei”)
    • اِسْم هَيْئَة (ism hayʔa, “nomen speciei”)
    • اِسْم وَحْدَة (ism waḥda, “nomen unitatis”)
    • اِسْم وِعَاء (ism wiʕāʔ, “nomen vasis”)
    • اِسْمِيّ (ismiyy, “nominal, titular”)
    Descendants
    • Cypriot Arabic: ism
    • Egyptian Arabic: اسم (ism)
    • Hijazi Arabic: اسم (isim)
    • Maltese: isem
    • Moroccan Arabic: اسم (ism)
    • Tunisian Arabic: اسم (ism)
    • → Azerbaijani: isim
    • → Classical Persian: اِسْم (ism)
    • → Malay: isim
    • → Swahili: isimu

    Etymology 2

    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

    اُسْمُ • (usmu) (form I) /us.mu/

    1. second-person masculine singular imperative of سَمَا (samā)

    Further reading

    • Freytag, Georg (1833), “اسم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 359–360
    • Carter, Michael George (2017), “The Seven Deadly Sins of Arabic Studies”, in Manuel Sartori, Manuela E. B. Giolfo, Philippe Cassuto, editors, Approaches to the History and Dialectology of Arabic in Honor of Pierre Larcher (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 88), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 519–521
    • Kasher, Almog (1 October 2009), “Term Ism in Medieval Arabic Grammatical Tradition: A Hyponym of Itself”, in Journal of Semitic Studies‎[2], Oxford Academix, retrieved 26 October 2018
    • Wehr, Hans (1979), “سم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

    Azerbaijani

    Noun

    اسم (ism) (definite accusative اسمی, plural اسملر)

    1. alternative spelling of ایسیم

    Chadian Arabic

    Root
    و س م
    1 term

    Etymology

    From Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Noun

    اسم • (usum) m (plural أسامي (asāme))

    1. name, appellation
    2. (grammar) noun

    References

    • Heath, Judith; Mahadi, Mahamat Zene (2021), Lexique Arabe Tchadien-Français‎[3] (in French), 11th edition, N'Djamena, Chad: SIL Chad, page 148

    Hijazi Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /i.sim/, [ɪsɪm]

    Noun

    اسم • (isim) m (construct state اِسْم (ism), plural أسامي (ʔasāmi) or أسماء (ʔasmāʔ))

    1. name

    Malay

    Etymology 1

    Noun

    اسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم٢)

    1. Jawi spelling of isim.‎

    Etymology 2

    Noun

    اسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم٢)

    1. Jawi spelling of asam.‎

    Adjective

    اسم

    1. Jawi spelling of asam.‎

    Ottoman Turkish

    Etymology

    From Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Noun

    اسم • (ism, isim) (plural اسملر)

    1. name
    2. (grammar) noun

    Synonyms

    Descendants

    Persian

    Etymology

  • Borrowed from Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Pronunciation

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? ism
    Dari reading? ism
    Iranian reading? esm
    Tajik reading? ism

    Noun

    Regional synonyms of "name"
    Dari نام
    Iranian Persian اسم
    Tajik ном

    اسم • (ism / esm) (plural اسم‌ها (ism-hā / esm-hâ), or اسامی (asāmī / asâmi), or اسماء (asmā' / asmâ'), Tajik spelling исм)

    1. (chiefly Iran, uncommon elsewhere) name
      Synonym: نام (nâm)
      • 2024 April 30, “یک سند محرمانه از تعرض جنسی به نیکا شاکرمی و جزئیات قتل او به دست نیروهای امنیتی ایران پرده برداشت”, in bbc.com/persian‎[4], BBC Persian:
        این اسناد شامل اسامی قاتلان نیکا و فرماندهان ارشدی است که سعی کردند واقعیت این ماجرا را مخفی کنند.
        in asnâd šâmel-e asâmi-ye qâtelân-e nikâ va farmândehân-e aršâdi ast ke sa'y kardand vâqe'iyyat-e in mâjarâ râ maxfi konand.
        These documents contain the names of Nika's murderers and the senior commanders who attempted to hide the truth behind the incident.
    2. appellation
      Synonym: نامیده (nāmīda / nâmide)
    3. (grammar) noun
      Hyponym: اسم خاص (ism-i xāss / esm-e xâss)

    Usage notes

    • (name): In Iran, نام is formal and اسم is more common informally (though it can still be used in formal contexts). In Dari and Tajik, اسم is not the common word for "name" at any level of formality.

    Descendants

    South Levantine Arabic

    Root
    و س م
    1 term

    Etymology

    From Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ʔism/, [ˈʔɪ.s(ɪ)m]
    • IPA(key): /ʔusm/, [ˈʔʊ.s(ʊ)m]
    • Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

    Noun

    اسم • (ʔism, ʔusm) m (plural أسامي (ʔasāmi))

    1. name
      اسم العيلة ― ʔism il-ʕēle ― surname, family name
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)
      اسم الشخص ― ʔism iš-šaḵṣ ― first name
      Audio (Ramallah):(file)
      شو اسمك؟ ― šu ʔismak? ― What's your name?
      شو الاسم الكريم؟ ― šu l-ʔism il-karīm? ― What's your noble name?
    2. (grammar) noun

    Tunisian Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Noun

    اسم (ʔism) m

    1. name
      شسمك ؟ ― šismik ― What's your name?
    2. (grammar) noun
    3. title
      ما ختارش اسم باهي لكتابه ― mā ḵtāriš ʔism bāhi liktābu ― He didn't choose a good title for his book
    4. first name

    Urdu

    Etymology 1

  • Borrowed from Classical Persian اسم (ism), from Arabic اِسْم (ism).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    اِسْم • (ism) m (Hindi spelling इस्म)

    1. (rare) name, appellation, designation
    2. (grammar) noun, substantive
    Synonyms

    Etymology 2

    Learned borrowing from Sanskrit असम (asama).

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    اَسَم • (asam) (Hindi spelling असम)

    1. unequal
    2. uneven
    3. dissimilar
    4. unusual

    Further reading

    • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “اسم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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