אויב

Hebrew

Root
א־י־ב (ʾ-y-b)
2 terms

Alternative forms

אֹיֵב (defective spelling)

Etymology

Participle of אָיַב (“to hate, be hostile to”). Compare Ugaritic 𐎛𐎁 (ỉb, “enemy”).

Pronunciation

(Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /oˈjev/
(Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /oɪ̯.jeɪ̯v/
(Sephardi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)oˈjev/
(Syrian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoˈjeb/
(Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔøˈjev/, /ʔeˈjev/
(Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoˈjev/
(Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoːˈjeːb/, [ʔoːˈjeːβ]
(Pre-Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʔoːˈjibu/
Audio: (file)

Noun

אוֹיֵב • (oyév) m (plural indefinite אוֹיְבִים, singular construct אוֹיֵב־, plural construct אוֹיְבֵי־)

enemy
Synonym: שונא (soné)

Declension

Declension of **אוֹיֵב**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
Number:	State:	form	Person:	singular		plural
Number:	State:	form	Person:	m	f	m	f
singular	indefinite	אוֹיֵב	first	אוֹיְבִי		אוֹיְבֵנוּ
	definite	הָאוֹיֵב	second	אוֹיֶבְךָ	אוֹיְבֵךְ	אוֹיֶבְכֶם	אוֹיֶבְכֶן
	construct	אוֹיֵב־	third	אוֹיְבוֹ	אוֹיְבָהּ	אוֹיְבָם	אוֹיְבָן
plural	indefinite	אוֹיְבִים	first	אויביי / אוֹיְבַי		אוֹיְבֵינוּ
	definite	הָאוֹיְבִים	second	אוֹיְבֶיךָ	אויבייך / אוֹיְבַיִךְ	אוֹיְבֵיכֶם	אוֹיְבֵיכֶן
	construct	אוֹיְבֵי־	third	אוֹיְבָיו	אוֹיְבֶיהָ	אוֹיְבֵיהֶם	אוֹיְבֵיהֶן

Related terms

אָיַב (“to be hostile”)

References

H341 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
"אויב" in the Noun Declension Tables of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Further reading

אויב on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he

Anagrams

אבוי, אביו, איוב

Yiddish

Etymology

From Middle High German obe, from Old High German oba, from Proto-West Germanic *jabē, from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɔɪ̯b/

Conjunction

אויב • (oyb)

if