целꙗдь
Old Novgorodian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čȅľadь. First attested in c. 1140‒1160. Cognate with Old East Slavic челꙗдь (čeljadĭ).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: це‧лꙗ‧дь
Noun
целꙗдь • (cʹjeljadĭ) f[1]
- peasant
- c. 1140‒1160, Берестяная грамота № 1002 [Birchbark letter no. 1002][2], Novgorod:
- … на чьлѧди [вь]вьричь не [п]лат[и]л[е] е: на дьсѧте гривьно ѧ нꙑньково ѧли по коунь на ньдьлоу …
- … na cʹĭlędi [vĭ]vĭricʹĭ ne [p]lat[i]l[je] je: na dĭsęte grivĭno ję nynĭkovo jęli po kunĭ na nĭdĭlu …
- … He did not pay fifteen hryvnia for the peasants. And now they took one kuna for a week. …
- c. 1220‒1240, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 510 [Birchbark letter no. 510][3], Novgorod:
- … и розвьли есть цьлѧдь и скотиноу и кобꙑль и рожь а домажирь побѣгль нь ѿкоупивъ оу вѧцьслава из долгоу …
- … i rozvĭli jestĭ cʹĭlędĭ i skotinu i kobylĭ i rožĭ a domažirĭ poběglĭ nĭ otŭkupivŭ u vęcʹĭslava iz dolgu …
- You drove away [to other settlements] the peasants, cattle, and divided up the rye, but Domazhir fled without paying Viacheslav [for the property].
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | целꙗдь cʹjeljadĭ |
целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
| genitive | целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗдью cʹjeljadĭju |
целꙗдьи cʹjeljadĭi |
| dative | целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗдьма cʹjeljadĭma |
целꙗдьмъ cʹjeljadĭmŭ |
| accusative | целꙗдь cʹjeljadĭ |
целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
| instrumental | целꙗдьѭ cʹjeljadĭjǫ |
целꙗдьма cʹjeljadĭma |
целꙗдьми cʹjeljadĭmi |
| locative | целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗдью cʹjeljadĭju |
целꙗдьхъ cʹjeljadĭxŭ |
| vocative | целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗди cʹjeljadi |
целꙗдьѥ cʹjeljadĭje |
Related terms
nouns
- целовѣке m (cʹjelověke, “man, human ”)
References
- ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004), Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect][1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 816
Further reading
- “челѧдь”, in “Birchbark Letters Corpus”, in Russian National Corpus, https://ruscorpora.ru, 2003–2025