война
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vojьna (“war”), from *vojьnъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vojˈna]
Audio (Standard Bulgarian): (file) - Rhymes: -na
- Hyphenation(key): вой‧на
Noun
война́ • (vojná) f (relational adjective вое́нен, diminutive войни́чка)
- war, warfare (armed conflict between two or more states, nations, tribes, or between social groups within a state)
- Antonym: мир (mir)
- (uncountable, card games) war (any of a family of card games where all cards are dealt at the beginning of play and players attempt to capture them all, typically involving no skill and only serving to kill time)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | война́ vojná |
войни́ vojní |
| definite | война́та vojnáta |
войни́те vojníte |
| vocative form | во́йно vójno |
войни́ vojní |
Related terms
- военен (voenen)
- войник (vojnik)
- воювам (vojuvam)
- Първа световна война (Pǎrva svetovna vojna)
- Втора световна война (Vtora svetovna vojna)
References
- “война”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “война”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- война in PONS - bǎlgarski-anglijski prevod
- война in Bǎlgarski tǎlkoven rečnik
Komi-Permyak
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian война́ (vojná).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋojˈna/, [ʋo̞jˈnä]
- Rhymes: -a
- Hyphenation: вой‧на
Noun
война́ • (vojná)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | война (vojna) | войнаэз (vojnaez) | |
| accusative | I* | война (vojna) | войнаэз (vojnaez) |
| II* | войнаӧс (vojnaös) | войнаэзӧс (vojnaezös) | |
| instrumental | войнаӧн (vojnaön) | войнаэзӧн (vojnaezön) | |
| comitative | войнакӧт (vojnaköt) | войнаэзкӧт (vojnaezköt) | |
| caritive | войнатӧг (vojnatög) | войнаэзтӧг (vojnaeztög) | |
| consecutive | войнала (vojnala) | войнаэзла (vojnaezla) | |
| genitive | войналӧн (vojnalön) | войнаэзлӧн (vojnaezlön) | |
| ablative | войналісь (vojnaliś) | войнаэзлісь (vojnaezliś) | |
| dative | войналӧ (vojnalö) | войнаэзлӧ (vojnaezlö) | |
| inessive | войнаын (vojnayn) | войнаэзын (vojnaezyn) | |
| elative | войнаись (vojnaiś) | войнаэзісь (vojnaeziś) | |
| illative | войнаӧ (vojnaö) | войнаэзӧ (vojnaezö) | |
| egressive | войнасянь (vojnaśań) | войнаэзсянь (vojnaezśań) | |
| approximative | войналань (vojnalań) | войнаэзлань (vojnaezlań) | |
| terminative | I | войнаӧдз (vojnaödź) | войнаэзӧдз (vojnaezödź) |
| II | войнави (vojnavi) | войнаэзви (vojnaezvi) | |
| prolative | войнаӧт (vojnaöt) | войнаэзӧт (vojnaezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
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References
- R. M. Batalova; A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985), Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary][1], Moscow: Русский язык
Pannonian Rusyn
Etymology
Inherited from Old Slovak vojna, from Proto-Slavic *vojьna. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn вṓйна (vṓjna) and Slovak vojna.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɔjna]
- Rhymes: -ɔjna
- Hyphenation: вой‧на
Noun
война (vojna) f (related adjective войнови)
- war
- Synonym: (obsolete) морд (mord)
- гражданска война ― hraždanska vojna ― civil war
- шветова война ― švetova vojna ― world war
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | война (vojna) | войни (vojni) |
| genitive | войни (vojni) | войнох (vojnox) |
| dative | войни (vojni) | войном (vojnom) |
| accusative | войну (vojnu) | войни (vojni) |
| instrumental | войну (vojnu) | войнами (vojnami) |
| locative | войни (vojni) | войнох (vojnox) |
| vocative | войно (vojno) | войни (vojni) |
Related terms
nouns
- воїн m pers (vojin)
- войованє n (vojovanje)
- войско n (vojsko)
- войсководитель m pers (vojskovoditelʹ)
- вояк m pers (vojak)
verbs
- войовац impf (vojovac)
- вояциц impf (vojacic)
References
- Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “война”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
- Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “war”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 368
Russian
Alternative forms
- в*йна (v*jna) (censored)
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic воина (voina), from Proto-Slavic *vojьna (“war”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vɐjˈna]
Audio: (file)
Noun
война́ • (vojná) f inan (genitive войны́, nominative plural во́йны, genitive plural войн, relational adjective вое́нный, diminutive войну́шка)
- war, warfare
- Antonym: мир (mir)
- Нет войне́! (slogan, early 21st century) ― Net vojné! ― No to war!
- Доло́й войну́! (slogan, early 20th century) ― Dolój vojnú! ― No to war!
- 1930, Владимир Набоков, chapter 5, in Защита Лужина; English translation from Michael Scammell in collaboration with the author, transl., The Luzhin Defense, New York, 1964:
- Теперь, почти через пятнадцать лет, эти годы войны оказались раздражительной помехой, это было какое-то посягательство на свободу творчества, ибо во всякой книге, где описывалось постепенное развитие определённой человеческой личности, следовало как-нибудь упомянуть о войне, и даже смерть героя в юных летах не могла быть выходом из положения.
- Teperʹ, počti čerez pjatnadcatʹ let, eti gody vojny okazalisʹ razdražitelʹnoj pomexoj, eto bylo kakoje-to posjagatelʹstvo na svobodu tvorčestva, ibo vo vsjakoj knige, gde opisyvalosʹ postepennoje razvitije opredeljónnoj čelovečeskoj ličnosti, sledovalo kak-nibudʹ upomjanutʹ o vojne, i daže smertʹ geroja v junyx letax ne mogla bytʹ vyxodom iz položenija.
- Now, a decade and a half later, these war years turned out to be an exasperating obstacle; they seemed an encroachment upon creative freedom, for in every book describing the gradual development of a given human personality one had somehow to mention the war, and even the hero’s dying in his youth could not provide a way out of this situation.
- 1988, “Zvezda po imeni Solntse”, Viktor Tsoi (lyrics)[2]:
- И две тысячи лет - война,
Война без особых причин.
Война - дело молодых,
Лекарство против морщин.- I dve tysjači let - vojna,
Vojna bez osobyx pričin.
Vojna - delo molodyx,
Lekarstvo protiv morščin. - And for two thousands years – there's war,
War without particular grounds.
War – is a job for the young,
Remedy against wrinkles.
- I dve tysjači let - vojna,
Declension
Declension of война́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d)
Pre-reform declension of война́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d)
Derived terms
Compounds:
- война́ пра́вок f (vojná právok)
- поджига́тель войны́ m anim (podžigátelʹ vojný)
- холо́дная война́ f (xolódnaja vojná)
- Proverbs
- война́ войно́й, а обе́д по расписа́нию (vojná vojnój, a obéd po raspisániju)
- война́ всё спи́шет (vojná vsjo spíšet)
- кому́ война́, а кому́ мать родна́ (komú vojná, a komú matʹ rodná)
Related terms
- воева́ть impf (vojevátʹ)
- воево́да m anim (vojevóda)
- во́ин m anim (vóin)
- вои́нственный (voínstvennyj)
- воя́ка m anim (vojáka)
Collocations
- Вели́кая Оте́чественная война́ f (Velíkaja Otéčestvennaja vojná)
- война́ Се́вера и Ю́га f (vojná Sévera i Júga)
- Втора́я мирова́я война́ f (Vtorája mirovája vojná)
- гражда́нская война́ f (graždánskaja vojná)
- опосре́дованная война́ f (oposrédovannaja vojná)
- Пе́рвая мирова́я война́ f (Pérvaja mirovája vojná)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “война”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “война”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 162
- Shansky, N. M., editor (1968), “война”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 3 (В), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 143
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “война”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
- Krylov, G. A. (2004), “война”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Victory, →ISBN
- Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989), “война”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 66
- Anikin, A. E. (2014), “война”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 8 (во – вран), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 112
Further reading
- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “война”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
Udmurt
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian война (vojna).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʋojˈnä]
- Rhymes: -ä
- Hyphenation: вой‧на
Noun
война • (vojna)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | война vojna |
войнаос vojnaos |
| accusative | войнаез vojnajez |
войнаосыз vojnaosyz |
| genitive | войналэн vojnalen |
войнаослэн vojnaoslen |
| dative | войналы vojnaly |
войнаослы vojnaosly |
| ablative | войналэсь vojnaleś |
войнаослэсь vojnaosleś |
| instrumental | войнаен vojnajen |
войнаосын vojnaosyn |
| abessive | войнатэк vojnatek |
войнаостэк vojnaostek |
| adverbial | войная vojnaja |
войнаосъя vojnaosja |
| inessive | войнаын vojnayn |
войнаосын vojnaosyn |
| illative | войнае vojnaje |
войнаосы vojnaosy |
| elative | войнаысь vojnayś |
войнаосысь vojnaosyś |
| egressive | войнаысьен vojnayśjen |
войнаосысьен vojnaosyśjen |
| terminative | войнаозь vojnaoź |
войнаосозь vojnaosoź |
| prolative | войнатӥ vojnati |
войнаосытӥ vojnaosyti |
| allative | войналань vojnalań |
войнаослань vojnaoslań |
|
Synonyms
- ож (ož), ожгар (ožgar), тылож (tylož)
Derived terms
proper nouns
- Быдӟым Отечественной война (Byddźym Oťećestvennoj vojna)
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “война”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 131
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), “война”, in Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 98