τράφω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrépʰō.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trá.pʰɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.pʰo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.ɸo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.fo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtra.fo/

Verb

τράφω • (tráphō)

Doric form of τρέφω (tréphō)
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, Acharnians 782-783:
  [Μεγαρεύς] νεαρὰ γάρ ἐστιν: ἀλλὰ δελφακουμένα
  ἑξεῖ μεγάλαν τε καὶ παχεῖαν κἠρυθράν.
  ἀλλ’ αἰ τράφειν λῇς, ἅδε τοι χοῖρος καλά.
  [Megareús] nearà gár estin: allà delphakouména
  hexeî megálan te kaì pakheîan kēruthrán.
  all’ ai tráphein lēîs, háde toi khoîros kalá.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 477-481:
  πέμψαν δ᾽ ἐς Λύκτον, Κρήτης ἐς πίονα δῆμον, ὁππότ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὁπλότατον παίδων τέξεσθαι ἔμελλε, Ζῆνα μέγαν: τὸν μέν οἱ ἐδέξατο Γαῖα πελώρη Κρήτῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ τραφέμεν ἀτιταλλέμεναί τε.
  pémpsan d’ es Lúkton, Krḗtēs es píona dêmon, hoppót’ ár’ hoplótaton paídōn téxesthai émelle, Zêna mégan: tòn mén hoi edéxato Gaîa pelṓrē Krḗtēi en eureíēi traphémen atitallémenaí te.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Present: τρᾰ́φω, τρᾰ́φομαι (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τρᾰ́φω	τρᾰ́φεις	τρᾰ́φει	τρᾰ́φετον	τρᾰ́φετον	τρᾰ́φομεν	τρᾰ́φετε	τρᾰ́φουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	τρᾰ́φω	τρᾰ́φῃς	τρᾰ́φῃ	τρᾰ́φητον	τρᾰ́φητον	τρᾰ́φωμεν	τρᾰ́φητε	τρᾰ́φωσῐ(ν)
	optative	τρᾰ́φοιμῐ	τρᾰ́φοις	τρᾰ́φοι	τρᾰ́φοιτον	τρᾰφοίτην	τρᾰ́φοιμεν	τρᾰ́φοιτε	τρᾰ́φοιεν
	imperative		τρᾰ́φε	τρᾰφέτω	τρᾰ́φετον	τρᾰφέτων		τρᾰ́φετε	τρᾰφόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	τρᾰ́φομαι	τρᾰ́φεαι	τρᾰ́φεται	τρᾰ́φεσθον	τρᾰ́φεσθον	τρᾰφόμεθᾰ	τρᾰ́φεσθε	τρᾰ́φονται
	subjunctive	τρᾰ́φωμαι	τρᾰ́φηαι	τρᾰ́φηται	τρᾰ́φησθον	τρᾰ́φησθον	τρᾰφώμεθᾰ	τρᾰ́φησθε	τρᾰ́φωνται
	optative	τρᾰφοίμην	τρᾰ́φοιο	τρᾰ́φοιτο	τρᾰ́φοισθον	τρᾰφοίσθην	τρᾰφοίμεθᾰ	τρᾰ́φοισθε	τρᾰ́φοιντο
	imperative		τρᾰ́φεο	τρᾰφέσθω	τρᾰ́φεσθον	τρᾰφέσθων		τρᾰ́φεσθε	τρᾰφέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		τρᾰ́φειν				τρᾰ́φεσθαι
participle	m	τρᾰ́φων				τρᾰφόμενος
	f	τρᾰ́φουσᾰ				τρᾰφομένη
	n	τρᾰ́φον				τρᾰφόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔτρᾰφον, ἐτρᾰφόμην (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔτρᾰφον	ἔτρᾰφες	ἔτρᾰφε(ν)	ἐτρᾰ́φετον	ἐτρᾰφέτην	ἐτρᾰ́φομεν	ἐτρᾰ́φετε	ἔτρᾰφον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐτρᾰφόμην	ἐτρᾰ́φου	ἐτρᾰ́φετο	ἐτρᾰ́φεσθον	ἐτρᾰφέσθην	ἐτρᾰφόμεθᾰ	ἐτρᾰ́φεσθε	ἐτρᾰ́φοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

“τράφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“τράφω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
τράφω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
τράφω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011