σάκχαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

  • σάκχαρι (sákkhari), σάκχαρις (sákkharis), σάκχαρον (sákkharon)

Etymology

  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH
    Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH
    Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā)
    Pali sakkharābor.
    Ancient Greek σάκχαρ (sákkhar)

    Borrowed from Pali sakkharā,[1] from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel”).

    Pronunciation

     

    Noun

    σᾰ́κχαρ • (sắkkhar) n (genitive σᾰ́κχαρος); third declension

    1. sugar
    2. sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum)

    Inflection

    Third declension of τὸ σᾰ́κχαρ; τοῦ σᾰ́κχαρος (Attic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative τὸ σᾰ́κχαρ
    tò sắkkhar     		τὼ σᾰ́κχαρε
    tṑ sắkkhare     		τᾰ̀ σᾰ́κχαρᾰ
    tằ sắkkhară
    Genitive τοῦ σᾰ́κχαρος
    toû sắkkharos     		τοῖν σᾰκχάροιν
    toîn săkkhároin     		τῶν σᾰκχάρων
    tôn săkkhárōn
    Dative τῷ σᾰ́κχαρῐ
    tōî sắkkharĭ     		τοῖν σᾰκχάροιν
    toîn săkkhároin     		τοῖς σᾰ́κχαρσῐ / σᾰ́κχαρσῐν
    toîs sắkkharsĭ(n)
    Accusative τὸ σᾰ́κχαρ
    tò sắkkhar     		τὼ σᾰ́κχαρε
    tṑ sắkkhare     		τᾰ̀ σᾰ́κχαρᾰ
    tằ sắkkhară
    Vocative σᾰ́κχαρ
    sắkkhar     		σᾰ́κχαρε
    sắkkhare     		σᾰ́κχαρᾰ
    sắkkhară
    Notes:
    • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
    Third declension of τὸ σᾰ́κχαρ; τοῦ σᾰ́κχαρος (Laconian)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative τὸ σᾰ́κχαρ
    tò sắkkhar     		τὼ σᾰ́κχαρε
    tṑ sắkkhare     		τᾰ̀ σᾰ́κχαρᾰ
    tằ sắkkhară
    Genitive τοῦ σᾰ́κχαρος
    toû sắkkharos     		τοῖν σᾰκχάροιν
    toîn săkkhároin     		τῶν σᾰκχάρων
    tôn săkkhárōn
    Dative τῷ σᾰ́κχαρῐ
    tōî sắkkharĭ     		τοῖν σᾰκχάροιν
    toîn săkkhároin     		τοῖς σᾰ́κχαρσῐ / σᾰ́κχαρσῐν
    toîs sắkkharsĭ(n)
    Accusative τὸ σᾰ́κχαρ
    tò sắkkhar     		τὼ σᾰ́κχαρε
    tṑ sắkkhare     		τᾰ̀ σᾰ́κχαρᾰ
    tằ sắkkhară
    Vocative σᾰ́κχαρ
    sắkkhar     		σᾰ́κχαρε
    sắkkhare     		σᾰ́κχαρᾰ
    sắkkhară
    Notes:
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

    Descendants

    • Byzantine Greek: ζάχαρις (zákharis)
    • → Coptic: ⲍⲁⲭⲣⲓ (zakhri)
    • → Latin: saccharon
      • New Latin: saccharum (see there for further descendants)
    • → Old East Slavic: сахаръ (saxarŭ)

    References

    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σάκχαρ, -αρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1302-3

    Further reading

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