πηρός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

πᾱρός (pārós) — Doric

Etymology

Unknown. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”),^[1] but Beekes disputes this, writing that it cannot be connected with πῆμα (pêma, “sorrow”), because of the -ᾱ-, as shown in the Doric form.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pɛː.rós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pe̝ˈros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /piˈros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /piˈros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈros/

Adjective

πηρός • (pērós) m (feminine πηρᾱ́, neuter πηρόν); first/second declension

maimed, disabled in a limb, invalid

Inflection

First and second declension of πηρός; πηρᾱ́; πηρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	πηρός pērós	πηρᾱ́ pērā́	πηρόν pērón	πηρώ pērṓ	πηρᾱ́ pērā́	πηρώ pērṓ	πηροί pēroí	πηραί pēraí	πηρᾰ́ pērắ
Genitive	πηροῦ pēroû	πηρᾶς pērâs	πηροῦ pēroû	πηροῖν pēroîn	πηραῖν pēraîn	πηροῖν pēroîn	πηρῶν pērôn	πηρῶν pērôn	πηρῶν pērôn
Dative	πηρῷ pērōî	πηρᾷ pērāî	πηρῷ pērōî	πηροῖν pēroîn	πηραῖν pēraîn	πηροῖν pēroîn	πηροῖς pēroîs	πηραῖς pēraîs	πηροῖς pēroîs
Accusative	πηρόν pērón	πηρᾱ́ν pērā́n	πηρόν pērón	πηρώ pērṓ	πηρᾱ́ pērā́	πηρώ pērṓ	πηρούς pēroús	πηρᾱ́ς pērā́s	πηρᾰ́ pērắ
Vocative	πηρέ pēré	πηρᾱ́ pērā́	πηρόν pērón	πηρώ pērṓ	πηρᾱ́ pērā́	πηρώ pērṓ	πηροί pēroí	πηραί pēraí	πηρᾰ́ pērắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	πηρῶς pērôs			πηρότερος pēróteros			πηρότᾰτος pērótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀνάπηρος (anápēros)
ἀπηρής (apērḗs)
ἄπηρος (ápēros)
ἔμπηρος (émpēros)
πηρομελής (pēromelḗs)
πηρόω (pēróō)
πηρώδης (pērṓdēs)
πήρωμα (pḗrōma)
πήρωσις (pḗrōsis)

“πηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πηρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“πηρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πηρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
πηρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pe(i)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 792-93

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pe(i)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 792-93

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