πίπτω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *píptō, from Proto-Indo-European *pípth₂-, reduplicated present from *peth₂- (“to fall; to fly”).[1]
For an unknown reason, the iota is long, as is apparent from the imperative πῖπτε (not **πῐ́πτε (**pĭ́pte)). Cognate with Sanskrit पापतीति (pā́patīti).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pǐːp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpip.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpip.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpip.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpip.to/
Verb
πῑ́πτω • (pī́ptō)
Inflection
Present: πῑ́πτω
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πῑ́πτω | πῑ́πτεις | πῑ́πτει | πῑ́πτετον | πῑ́πτετον | πῑ́πτομεν | πῑ́πτετε | πῑ́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | πῑ́πτω | πῑ́πτῃς | πῑ́πτῃ | πῑ́πτητον | πῑ́πτητον | πῑ́πτωμεν | πῑ́πτητε | πῑ́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πῑ́πτοιμῐ | πῑ́πτοις | πῑ́πτοι | πῑ́πτοιτον | πῑπτοίτην | πῑ́πτοιμεν | πῑ́πτοιτε | πῑ́πτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πῖπτε | πῑπτέτω | πῑ́πτετον | πῑπτέτων | πῑ́πτετε | πῑπτόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πῑ́πτειν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πῑ́πτων | |||||||||||
| f | πῑ́πτουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | πῖπτον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔπῑπτον
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπῑπτον | ἔπῑπτες | ἔπῑπτε(ν) | ἐπῑ́πτετον | ἐπῑπτέτην | ἐπῑ́πτομεν | ἐπῑ́πτετε | ἔπῑπτον | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πῖπτον | πῖπτες | πῖπτε(ν) | πῑ́πτετον | πῑπτέτην | πῑ́πτομεν | πῑ́πτετε | πῖπτον | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: πεσέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | πεσέομαι | πεσέῃ / πεσέει | πεσέεται | πεσέεσθον | πεσέεσθον | πεσεόμεθᾰ | πεσέεσθε | πεσέονται | ||||
| optative | πεσεοίμην | πεσέοιο | πεσέοιτο | πεσέοισθον | πεσεοίσθην | πεσεοίμεθᾰ | πεσέοισθε | πεσέοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεσέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεσεόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | πεσεομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πεσεόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: πεσοῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | πεσοῦμαι | πεσῇ | πεσεῖται | πεσεῖσθον | πεσεῖσθον | πεσούμεθᾰ | πεσεῖσθε | πεσοῦνται | ||||
| optative | πεσοίμην | πεσοῖο | πεσοῖτο | πεσοῖσθον | πεσοίσθην | πεσοίμεθᾰ | πεσοῖσθε | πεσοῖντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεσεῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεσούμενος | |||||||||||
| f | πεσουμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | πεσούμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔπεσον
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπεσον | ἔπεσες | ἔπεσε(ν) | ἐπέσετον | ἐπεσέτην | ἐπέσομεν | ἐπέσετε | ἔπεσον | ||||
| subjunctive | πέσω | πέσῃς | πέσῃ | πέσητον | πέσητον | πέσωμεν | πέσητε | πέσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πέσοιμῐ | πέσοις | πέσοι | πέσοιτον | πεσοίτην | πέσοιμεν | πέσοιτε | πέσοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πέσε | πεσέτω | πέσετον | πεσέτων | πέσετε | πεσόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεσεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεσών | |||||||||||
| f | πεσοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | πεσόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πέσον | πέσες | πέσε(ν) | πέσετον | πεσέτην | πέσομεν | πέσετε | πέσον | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπετον | ἔπετες | ἔπετε(ν) | ἐπέτετον | ἐπετέτην | ἐπέτομεν | ἐπέτετε | ἔπετον | ||||
| subjunctive | πέτω | πέτῃς | πέτῃ | πέτητον | πέτητον | πέτωμεν | πέτητε | πέτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πέτοιμῐ | πέτοις | πέτοι | πέτοιτον | πετοίτην | πέτοιμεν | πέτοιτε | πέτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πέτε | πετέτω | πέτετον | πετέτων | πέτετε | πετόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πετεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πετών | |||||||||||
| f | πετοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | πετόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: πέπτωκᾰ
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πέπτωκᾰ | πέπτωκᾰς | πέπτωκε(ν) | πεπτώκᾰτον | πεπτώκᾰτον | πεπτώκᾰμεν | πεπτώκᾰτε | πεπτώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | πεπτώκω | πεπτώκῃς | πεπτώκῃ | πεπτώκητον | πεπτώκητον | πεπτώκωμεν | πεπτώκητε | πεπτώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεπτώκοιμῐ / πεπτωκοίην | πεπτώκοις / πεπτωκοίης | πεπτώκοι / πεπτωκοίη | πεπτώκοιτον | πεπτωκοίτην | πεπτώκοιμεν | πεπτώκοιτε | πεπτώκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πέπτωκε | πεπτωκέτω | πεπτώκετον | πεπτωκέτων | πεπτώκετε | πεπτωκόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεπτωκέναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | πεπτωκώς, πεπτεώς, πεπτηώς |
|||||||||||
| f | πεπτωκυῖᾰ, πεπτευῖᾰ, πεπτηυῖᾰ |
||||||||||||
| n | πεπτωκός, πεπτεός, πεπτηός |
||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐπεπτώκειν / ἐπεπτώκη
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεπτώκειν / ἐπεπτώκη | ἐπεπτώκεις / ἐπεπτώκης | ἐπεπτώκει(ν) | ἐπεπτώκετον | ἐπεπτωκέτην | ἐπεπτώκεμεν | ἐπεπτώκετε | ἐπεπτώκεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ᾰ̓μφῐπῑ́πτω (ămphĭpī́ptō)
- ᾰ̓νᾰπῑ́πτω (ănăpī́ptō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐπερῐπῑ́πτω (ăntĭperĭpī́ptō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐπῑ́πτω (ăntĭpī́ptō)
- ᾰ̓ποπῑ́πτω (ăpopī́ptō)
- δῐᾰπῑ́πτω (dĭăpī́ptō)
- δῐεκπῑ́πτω (dĭekpī́ptō)
- δῐεμπῑ́πτω (dĭempī́ptō)
- ἐγκᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (enkătăpī́ptō)
- εἰσπῑ́πτω (eispī́ptō)
- ἐκπῑ́πτω (ekpī́ptō)
- ἐκπροπῑ́πτω (ekpropī́ptō)
- ἐμπερῐπῑ́πτω (emperĭpī́ptō)
- ἐμπῑ́πτω (empī́ptō)
- ἐπᾰνᾰπῑ́πτω (epănăpī́ptō)
- ἐπεισπῑ́πτω (epeispī́ptō)
- ἐπεμπῑ́πτω (epempī́ptō)
- ἐπῐκᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (epĭkătăpī́ptō)
- ἐπῐπῑ́πτω (epĭpī́ptō)
- ἐπῐπροπῑ́πτω (epĭpropī́ptō)
- ἐπῐσῠμπῑ́πτω (epĭsŭmpī́ptō)
- κᾰθῠποπῑ́πτω (kăthŭpopī́ptō)
- κᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (kătăpī́ptō)
- μετᾰπῑ́πτω (metăpī́ptō)
- μετεμπῑ́πτω (metempī́ptō)
- πᾰρᾰνᾰπῑ́πτω (părănăpī́ptō)
- πᾰρᾰπῑ́πτω (părăpī́ptō)
- πᾰρεισπῑ́πτω (păreispī́ptō)
- πᾰρεκπῑ́πτω (părekpī́ptō)
- πᾰρεμπῑ́πτω (părempī́ptō)
- περῐκᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (perĭkătăpī́ptō)
- περῐπῑ́πτω (perĭpī́ptō)
- ποτῐπῑ́πτω (potĭpī́ptō)
- προᾰνᾰπῑ́πτω (proănăpī́ptō)
- προᾰποπῑ́πτω (proăpopī́ptō)
- προδῐᾰπῑ́πτω (prodĭăpī́ptō)
- προεισπῑ́πτω (proeispī́ptō)
- προεκπῑ́πτω (proekpī́ptō)
- προεμπῑ́πτω (proempī́ptō)
- προκᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (prokătăpī́ptō)
- προπῑ́πτω (propī́ptō)
- προσᾰνᾰπῑ́πτω (prosănăpī́ptō)
- προσεκπῑ́πτω (prosekpī́ptō)
- προσεμπῑ́πτω (prosempī́ptō)
- προσεπῐπῑ́πτω (prosepĭpī́ptō)
- προσπῑ́πτω (prospī́ptō)
- πτῶμᾰ (ptômă)
- πτῶσῐς (ptôsĭs)
- σῠγκᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (sŭnkătăpī́ptō)
- σῠμμετᾰπῑ́πτω (sŭmmetăpī́ptō)
- σῠμπῑ́πτω (sŭmpī́ptō)
- σῠμπροπῑ́πτω (sŭmpropī́ptō)
- σῠμπροσπῑ́πτω (sŭmprospī́ptō)
- σῠνᾰνᾰπῑ́πτω (sŭnănăpī́ptō)
- σῠνδῐεκπῑ́πτω (sŭndĭekpī́ptō)
- σῠνεισπῑ́πτω (sŭneispī́ptō)
- σῠνεκπῑ́πτω (sŭnekpī́ptō)
- σῠνεμπῑ́πτω (sŭnempī́ptō)
- σῠνεπεισπῑ́πτω (sŭnepeispī́ptō)
- σῠνῠποπῑ́πτω (sŭnŭpopī́ptō)
- ῠ̔περεκπῑ́πτω (hŭperekpī́ptō)
- ῠ̔περπῑ́πτω (hŭperpī́ptō)
- ῠ̔ποκᾰτᾰπῑ́πτω (hŭpokătăpī́ptō)
- ῠ̔ποπῑ́πτω (hŭpopī́ptō)
Descendants
- Greek: πέφτω (péfto)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πῑ́πτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1195-6
Further reading
- “πίπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πίπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πίπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πίπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πίπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πίπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G4098 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- πίπτω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007), Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- πίπτω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011