βρύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Various theories have been suggested, including connection with Proto-Celtic *brusū (“belly; breast”), Latin frutex (“shrub; trunk”), Proto-Germanic *krūdaną (“to crowd, press”). None of them are particularly convincing. Thus, taken by Beekes as unknown.^[1]^[2] Pokorny tentatively compares Proto-Indo-European *gʷéru (“skewer, spit”).^[3]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bry̌ː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈbry.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈβry.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈvry.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈvri.o/

Verb

βρῡ́ω • (brū́ō)

to be full to bursting
1. (with dative) to swell or teem with, especially of plants
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 17.56, (Compare Euripides, The Bacchae 107)
  - 4th century BC, Eubulus, Kybeutai 1
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 46
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 167
  - 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 966
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Fragments 281
  - 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 1071
2. (with genitive) to be full of
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 16
  - 375 BCE – 275 BCE, Alexis, Hesione 2
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 70
3. (absolute) to abound, grow luxuriantly
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 422
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 5.12
4. (with accusative) to burst forth with, gush with
  - Anacreontea 47.2

Inflection

Mostly used in present

Present: βρῡ́ω, βρῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	βρῡ́ω	βρῡ́εις	βρῡ́ει	βρῡ́ετον	βρῡ́ετον	βρῡ́ομεν	βρῡ́ετε	βρῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	βρῡ́ω	βρῡ́ῃς	βρῡ́ῃ	βρῡ́ητον	βρῡ́ητον	βρῡ́ωμεν	βρῡ́ητε	βρῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	βρῡ́οιμῐ	βρῡ́οις	βρῡ́οι	βρῡ́οιτον	βρῡοίτην	βρῡ́οιμεν	βρῡ́οιτε	βρῡ́οιεν
	imperative		βρῦε	βρῡέτω	βρῡ́ετον	βρῡέτων		βρῡ́ετε	βρῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	βρῡ́ομαι	βρῡ́ῃ / βρῡ́ει	βρῡ́εται	βρῡ́εσθον	βρῡ́εσθον	βρῡόμεθᾰ	βρῡ́εσθε	βρῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	βρῡ́ωμαι	βρῡ́ῃ	βρῡ́ηται	βρῡ́ησθον	βρῡ́ησθον	βρῡώμεθᾰ	βρῡ́ησθε	βρῡ́ωνται
	optative	βρῡοίμην	βρῡ́οιο	βρῡ́οιτο	βρῡ́οισθον	βρῡοίσθην	βρῡοίμεθᾰ	βρῡ́οισθε	βρῡ́οιντο
	imperative		βρῡ́ου	βρῡέσθω	βρῡ́εσθον	βρῡέσθων		βρῡ́εσθε	βρῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		βρῡ́ειν				βρῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	βρῡ́ων				βρῡόμενος
	f	βρῡ́ουσᾰ				βρῡομένη
	n	βρῦον				βρῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔβρῡον, ἐβρῡόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔβρῡον	ἔβρῡες	ἔβρῡε(ν)	ἐβρῡ́ετον	ἐβρῡέτην	ἐβρῡ́ομεν	ἐβρῡ́ετε	ἔβρῡον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐβρῡόμην	ἐβρῡ́ου	ἐβρῡ́ετο	ἐβρῡ́εσθον	ἐβρῡέσθην	ἐβρῡόμεθᾰ	ἐβρῡ́εσθε	ἐβρῡ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: βρῡ́σω, βρῡ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	βρῡ́σω	βρῡ́σεις	βρῡ́σει	βρῡ́σετον	βρῡ́σετον	βρῡ́σομεν	βρῡ́σετε	βρῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	βρῡ́σοιμῐ	βρῡ́σοις	βρῡ́σοι	βρῡ́σοιτον	βρῡσοίτην	βρῡ́σοιμεν	βρῡ́σοιτε	βρῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	βρῡ́σομαι	βρῡ́σῃ / βρῡ́σει	βρῡ́σεται	βρῡ́σεσθον	βρῡ́σεσθον	βρῡσόμεθᾰ	βρῡ́σεσθε	βρῡ́σονται
middle	optative	βρῡσοίμην	βρῡ́σοιο	βρῡ́σοιτο	βρῡ́σοισθον	βρῡσοίσθην	βρῡσοίμεθᾰ	βρῡ́σοισθε	βρῡ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		βρῡ́σειν			βρῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m	βρῡ́σων			βρῡσόμενος
	f	βρῡ́σουσᾰ			βρῡσομένη
	n	βρῦσον			βρῡσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

βρῠ́ον (brŭ́on)
ἔμβρυον (émbruon)
ἔμβρυος (émbruos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βρύω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 246
^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1960), “βρύω”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 274-5
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gʷeru-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 479